中国社会科学院西方宪政民主观批判文选

内容简介

世界历史发展的实践证明，选择什么样的指导思想，选择什么样的社会制度，选择什么样的发展道路，将会深刻地影响一个国家、一个民族的前途命运。当前，面对各种思想文化交流交融交锋的新形势，哲学社会科学战线的一项重要任务是自觉坚持以马克思主义为指导，深入批判“普世价值”论、“宪政民主”观、新自由主义、历史虚无主义、民主社会主义等错误思潮，坚定中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信和制度自信。

冷战结束以来，在西方所谓“普世价值”论的鼓吹下，一些国家被折腾得不成样子，有的四分五裂，有的战火纷飞，有的整天乱哄哄的……阿富汗、伊拉克、叙利亚、利比亚、也门等国家就是典型案例。西方资本主义价值体系给这些国家带来的显然不是“福音”或“救世良方”，而是无尽的动荡和灾难。这些国家和地区惨痛的教训证明，根本就没有普遍适用于一切社会、一切国家和一切民族的永恒的价值观。价值观念从来都是一定历史条件下具体社会经济政治形态的产物，都是具体的、历史的、变化的，总是与一定的社会经济政治关系相联系，所谓抽象的、超阶级的、超历史的“普世价值”在现实生活中不可能独立存在。一些人宣扬的“普世价值”论，是一个有特定政治含义和具体企图的思想陷阱，其针对我国的目的，就是要取消马克思主义指导地位，而代之以西方资产阶级意识形态，本质上是要否定中国共产党的领导、否定马克思主义的指导地位、否定人民民主专政的国体、否定社会主义制度。

“宪政民主”观是近年在我国意识形态领域涌现的又一股错误思潮。在党中央作出全面推进依法治国重大战略部署的背景下，有人趁机兴风作浪，故意混淆“依法治国”、“依宪治国”、“依宪执政”与西方“宪政民主”的本质区别。“宪政民主”是伴随西方资本主义的产生而发展起来的政治理念，逐渐演变成为西方资产阶级的主流政治和制度主张，完全是西方资产阶级的国家理念、政治模式和制度设计。他们鼓吹的“宪政民主”，实质上是要彻底否定我国社会主义法治、社会主义制度、中国共产党领导下的人民民主专政的社会主义国体，代之以西方资本主义的法治理念和法治模式，搞“三权分立”、“多党制”和“议会制”，一句话，搞资产阶级专政的资本主义国体。“宪政民主”显然绝对不是什么“普世民主”或“普世价值”，不是适用于一切国家的政治制度。我国是具有本国具体历史和现实特点的社会主义国家。我国适合什么样的制度，适用什么样的模式，是由我国国情决定的。照抄照搬他国的政治制度和政治模式行不通，甚至会把国家前途命运葬送掉。中国是一个社会主义的发展中大国，我们需要借鉴国外政治文明有益成果，但绝不能放弃中国特色社会主义政治制度的根本。

新自由主义思潮是随着我国改革开放而渗入进来的。从本质上看，新自由主义是西方资产阶级的意识形态，代表了国际金融垄断资本的核心利益和价值观念，通过鼓吹完全私有化、彻底市场化、绝对自由化和全球一体化，为以美国为首的国际金融垄断资本开辟全球空间。新自由主义先后被英、美金融垄断资产阶级捧上了西方主流经济学的宝座，逐步由经济思潮转化为附带一系列政策、举措的意识形态主张，并迅速向拉美、亚非、东欧等国家地区广泛蔓延。自90年代后期开始，新自由主义的“副作用”开始显现，先后导致一系列引进新自由主义的国家与地区的经济深受重创，社会动荡不安，人民苦不堪言。2007年美国次贷危机全面爆发，随即蔓延为一场全球性的金融危机。这十年来，为了走出金融危机与经济衰退相互拖累的发展困境，以美国为首的西方主要国家被迫采取加大政府开支、扩大基础建设投入等政府干预政策。可以说，世界金融危机这场肇始于美国的“经济灾难”正式宣告了新自由主义的彻底破产。这一破产表明，当代资本主义并没有从根本上解决生产社会化同生产资料私人占有的内在矛盾，周期性经济危机的爆发是资本主义基本矛盾发展的必然产物。正是由于生产资料占有方式的不同，社会主义市场经济的公有制本质决定了经济危机的可规避性、可防范性。中国特色社会主义的成功实践告诉人们，只有将公有制为主体的制度安排与市场经济紧密结合，同时用好“看得见的手”和“看不见的手”，才能使社会主义制度的优越性更好地发挥出来。

当然，对西方意识形态色彩的错误思潮的否定与批判，并不等于全盘否定西方现代文明所创造的一切有价值的、于我有用的看法与做法。中国特色社会主义是在吸取世界先进文明的基础上发展起来的。

以习近平同志为总书记的党中央坚持马克思主义指导，高扬中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，坚持中国特色社会主义理论自信、制度自信和道路自信，大力加强意识形态工作，对错误思潮予以鲜明的批判和抵制，不断巩固马克思主义的指导地位，巩固全国人民共同奋斗的思想基础。中国社会科学院党组按照党中央的决策部署，积极组织院内外专家学者，围绕错误思潮的源流、本质及其危害等问题，展开了一系列深入研究与批驳，推出了一批较有影响的论著，受到了社会各界的广泛关注和充分肯定。本套文选选编了近年来公开发表的一些重点文章，这些文章积极运用马克思主义的立场、观点、方法，对各种谬论展开了具体而深入的批判。

我们期望这套文选的出版，能够帮助广大干部群众进一步学好马克思主义，学好习近平总书记系列重要讲话，转化为清醒的理论自觉、坚定的政治信念、科学的思维方法，在推动马克思主义中国化、时代化、大众化，推进中国特色社会主义理论体系创新发展，加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学创新体系，巩固和发展中国特色社会主义方面，发挥更为积极的作用。

是为序。

17

2016年6月

The practice of world historical development proves that what kind of guiding ideology, what kind of social system and what kind of development path we choose will profoundly affect the future and destiny of a country and a nation. At present, in the face of the new situation of various ideological and cultural exchanges and confrontations, an important task of the philosophy and social science front is to consciously adhere to Marxism as the guide, deeply criticize the theory of "universal values", the concept of "constitutional democracy", neoliberalism, historical nihilism, democratic socialism and other erroneous trends of thought, and strengthen self-confidence in the road, theory and system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Since the end of the Cold War, under the advocacy of the so-called "universal values" theory in the West, some countries have been tormented into pieces, some are torn apart, some are in flames, and some are in chaos all day long... Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Libya, Yemen and other countries are typical cases. The Western capitalist value system has obviously brought these countries not "gospel" or "salvation", but endless turmoil and disaster. The bitter lessons of these countries and regions prove that there are simply no timeless values that are universal to all societies, all nations and all peoples. Values have always been the product of specific socio-economic and political forms under certain historical conditions, are concrete, historical, and changing, and are always linked to certain socio-economic and political relations, and the so-called abstract, supra-class, and supra-historical "universal values" cannot exist independently in real life. The theory of "universal values" advocated by some people is an ideological trap with specific political implications and specific intentions, and its purpose against our country is to abolish the guiding position of Marxism and replace it with Western bourgeois ideology, which is essentially to negate the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the guiding position of Marxism, the state system of the people's democratic dictatorship, and the socialist system. The concept of "constitutional democracy" is another erroneous trend of thought that has emerged in the ideological field in our country in recent years. Against the background of the Party Central Committee's major strategic plan to comprehensively promote the rule of law, some people have taken the opportunity to stir up trouble and deliberately confuse the essential difference between "governing the country according to law", "governing the country according to the constitution", and "ruling according to the constitution" and "constitutional democracy" in the West. "Constitutional democracy" is a political concept developed with the emergence of Western capitalism, which has gradually evolved into the mainstream political and institutional proposition of the Western bourgeoisie, and is completely the national concept, political model and institutional design of the Western bourgeoisie. The "constitutional democracy" advocated by them is, in essence, to completely negate China's socialist rule of law, the socialist system, and the socialist state system of the people's democratic dictatorship under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, replace it with the Western capitalist concept of rule of law and the rule of law model, and practice "separation of powers," "multi-party system," and "parliamentary system." In a word, the capitalist state system of bourgeois dictatorship. "Constitutional democracy" is obviously not a "universal democracy" or "universal value", it is not a political system applicable to all countries. China is a socialist country with its own specific historical and practical characteristics. What kind of system is suitable for China and what kind of model is applied is determined by China's national conditions. Copying the political system and political model of other countries will not work, and it will even bury the future and fate of the country. China is a big socialist developing country, and we need to learn from the beneficial achievements of foreign political civilization, but we must not abandon the fundamentals of the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics. The neoliberal trend of thought has infiltrated with China's reform and opening up. In essence, neoliberalism is the ideology of the Western bourgeoisie, representing the core interests and values of international financial monopoly capital, and opening up global space for international financial monopoly capital led by the United States by advocating complete privatization, complete marketization, absolute liberalization and global integration. Neoliberalism has been successively held by the British and American financial monopoly bourgeoisie on the throne of mainstream economics in the West, and gradually transformed from an economic trend into an ideological proposition with a series of policies and measures, and quickly spread to Latin America, Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe and other countries and regions. Since the late 90s, the "side effects" of neoliberalism have begun to appear, which have successively caused a series of countries and regions that introduced neoliberalism to be hit hard by their economies, social unrest, and people miserable. In 2007, the US subprime mortgage crisis broke out in full force, and then spread into a global financial crisis. In the past decade, in order to get out of the development dilemma dragged down by the financial crisis and economic recession, major Western countries led by the United States have been forced to adopt government intervention policies such as increasing government spending and expanding infrastructure investment. It can be said that the "economic disaster" of the world financial crisis, which began in the United States, officially declared the complete bankruptcy of neoliberalism. This bankruptcy shows that contemporary capitalism has not fundamentally solved the inherent contradiction between the socialization of production and the private ownership of the means of production, and the outbreak of periodic economic crises is an inevitable product of the development of the basic contradictions of capitalism. It is precisely because of the different ways of possessing the means of production that the nature of public ownership of the socialist market economy determines the evasibility and preventability of economic crises. The successful practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics tells people that only by closely integrating the institutional arrangement of public ownership as the main body with the market economy, and making good use of the "visible hand" and "invisible hand", can the superiority of the socialist system be better brought into play. Of course, the denial and criticism of the erroneous trend of thought in the Western ideological color does not mean a complete denial of all the valuable and useful views and practices created by Western modern civilization. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has developed on the basis of absorbing the world's advanced civilization. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as its general secretary adheres to the guidance of Marxism, holds high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, adheres to self-confidence in the theory, system and road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, vigorously strengthens ideological work, clearly criticizes and resists erroneous trends of thought, constantly consolidates the guiding position of Marxism, and consolidates the ideological foundation for the common struggle of the people of the whole country. In accordance with the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee, the leading party group of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences actively organized experts and scholars inside and outside the academy to carry out a series of in-depth research and refutation on issues such as the source, essence and harm of erroneous trends of thought, and launched a number of influential treatises, which have received extensive attention and full affirmation from all walks of life. This series of articles selects and compiles some key articles published in recent years, which actively use Marxist positions, viewpoints, and methods to carry out specific and in-depth criticisms of various fallacies. We hope that the publication of this anthology will help the broad masses of cadres and people to further study Marxism, study well the series of important speeches of General Secretary Xi Jinping, transform them into sober theoretical consciousness, firm political conviction, and scientific thinking methods, and play a more active role in promoting the Sinicization, modernization and popularization of Marxism, promoting the innovation and development of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, accelerating the construction of a philosophy and social science innovation system with Chinese characteristics, and consolidating and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. is the order. June 2016（AI翻译）

作者简介

中国社会科学院（编）: 暂无简介