Research on the Quality of Life of Urban Residents in China (2015) is based on the large-scale social survey “National Survey on Social Attitudes and Social Development (2015)” conducted by the Institute of Social Development Strategy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and adopts Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory and the Theory of Social Quality as the theoretical basis, as well as the method of social and statistical analysis to analyze the current situation and causes of urban residents' quality of life in China. Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and social quality theory as the theoretical basis, and adopting social statistical analysis methods, we analyze the current situation and causes of the quality of life of Chinese urban residents. Many urban and social issues affecting the quality of life of urban residents are discussed, such as air and water pollution in the urban environment, basic urban institutional arrangements such as the social welfare system for pension, medical care, and education, the basic living conditions of urban residents in terms of housing, employment, and consumption, as well as the social differentiation and social integration of social groups in the context of rapid urbanization.