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现代性的信仰困境与信仰塑造

张琳[著]

信仰 研究

2012-12-01

978-7-5161-2409-3

236

6

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  • 内容简介
  • 书籍目录
  • 作者简介
  • 参考文献
内容简介

本书旨在对信仰以及现代性的信仰困境进行系统研究。从信仰产生发展的历程来看,信仰困境与现代性有着密切的关联。现代性的信仰困境研究,遵循并结合了当今言说和思考的基本语境,揭示信仰困境的深刻根源,旨在提出信仰塑造和引导的有益建议。事实上,不论当今中国问题还是世界问题,基本上可以归结为“现代性问题”,只有从现代性框架下认识和研究中国与世界面临的日益突出的诸多问题,才能在深层面上把握问题的实质。信仰困境即人们正在领悟和思考着的现代性境遇中的问题,是当今人们正在经历或遭遇的历史与现实状况的反应。而且马克思对现代性批判最伟大的意义在于他提出了超越现代性困境的构想,即实现“人的自由而全面发展”的价值目标,这也正是我们信奉马克思主义的关键所在。本书对现代性的信仰困境进行研究,共分为七个部分,除了引言和结束语之外,正文共五章。各章节论述可依次分述如下:
引言部分主要概述了信仰问题是当今世界的核心问题,是现代文明发展的产物,信仰困境与现代性有着密切的关联。在厘清国内外关于信仰问题及其困境研究现状的基础上,阐明了本书研究的基本框架和主要思路。
第一章就信仰的基本理论问题进行了学理分析。论述了人类确立信仰的理由,从多学科角度对信仰概念及基本特征进行了阐释,阐明信仰是一种现代普遍存在的社会文化和历史现象,是人类在自身进化发展过程中,对生存状态、生活环境及存在意义的追寻和自觉。在揭示信仰内在结构时,又从理论和逻辑上对人们信仰认识上存在的疑惑问题进行了辨明,为现代人信仰塑造提供学理支撑和理论论证。
第二章借助历史的、具体的发展进程对信仰形态和特征进行描述和阐释。尤其是将信仰结构形式与社会形态的更替联系起来进行考察,对信仰发生、发展和演变之轨迹进行较为系统的梳理,对中西信仰呈现的不同特点进行分析与比较。揭示了现代社会信仰的表征,进而阐发了现代社会信仰生成的心理机制,这些均是我们理解和认识现代性信仰困境的关键。
第三章重在分析现代性是如何导致信仰困境的。现代性在推进社会变革和经济发展的同时,造成了人类自身生存、发展及精神虚无的困境,即自我中心、工具理性以及物化之困。信仰问题作为现代性根本问题,至今仍是困扰人们的重大问题。在梳理西方学者对走出现代性信仰困境的有益探索中,阐明马克思对现代性的批判和扬弃。马克思不仅开启了现代性诠释和重建的路径,并将现代性悖论化解进辩证的现实运动,通过这一现实运动旨在建构一个统一和自由的人类未来社会。
第四章基于对中国现代性问题透视及其论争来考察中国现代化进程中的信仰难题,揭示现代中国信仰问题的现实表现以及危害,阐明中国所面临的信仰挑战等,讨论源自西方的现代性概念以及神圣性与世俗性在现代中国的现实意义。尽管现代性发轫于西方,但中国自近代以来多次遭遇现代性问题,经历着不断的激进与保守、进步与倒退、理想与现实、向往与惶恐等矛盾冲突,深刻并反复的矛盾体验塑造了有别于西方的现代性境况。中国的现代化进程总体上呈现出中国的具体性和丰富性,或中国特有的面貌,影响着我们对现代性的判断和理解。
第五章针对中国信仰的现实问题和难题,重在分析现代社会条件下如何加强国民信仰塑造,提出我国国民信仰塑造必须要坚持以马克思主义为引领,在发挥中国传统文化的现有资源的同时,积极吸收西方现代性的合理内核,以塑造社会主义核心价值体系为内容,以人的自由全面发展为价值目标的信仰体系。教育是信仰塑造的根本路径,制度建设是信仰塑造的现实空间和外部环境保障,先进文化则是信仰塑造的载体,而主体的自我觉醒才能最终使信仰塑造得以实现。
根据以上论述,结语部分再次反思和追问现代性的信仰困境,阐明全球化历史进程中现代性是国家(包括中国)和民族无法回避的宿命。尽管现代性进程中充满着诸多文化矛盾和价值冲突,但现代性在推动人类文明与信仰进步的作用是不可抹杀的。重新审视中国现代化进程中的信仰问题,旨在通过正确引导与塑造,使中国特色社会主义共同理想内化为人们的自觉追求,使社会主义核心价值体系成为引领多样化思潮的主导价值观,真正成为人们的精神家园。
关键词:现代性,信仰,信仰困境,马克思主义,信仰塑造

The paper intends to conduct a systemic study of belief and the dilemma of belief in the modernistic context. The development of belief since it came into being proves the dilemma of belief relates to modernity closely. The study of modernistic belief dilemma,following and combining basic contemporary contexts of speech and deliberation,reveals the deep-seated causes of the dilemma of belief and aims to put forward beneficial suggestions in building and guiding belief. In fact,whether current China’s or theworld’s issues can be summed up as “modernistic issues”. Only by cognizing and investigating the increasingly prominent issues China aswell as theworld is encountering,can the substances of the issues be comprehended deeply. The dilemma of belief refers to the problems people are gaining insights in and pondering over in themodernistic context and it’s a reflection of the divergence between history and the current situation that people are experiencing. Moreover,the greatest significance of Karl Marx’s criticism on modernity lies in that he raises the conception of transcending the contemporary dilemma,that is to realize the value goal of“ Human being’s free and all-round development”which is the key of our belief in Marxism.The paper is divided into seven parts to study the dilemma of belief inmodernistic context. In addition to Introduction and Conclusion,there are 5 chapters in the paper’smain body. The summaries of the chapters are as follows. The Introduction briefly states that belief issue is the core issue of theworld and the product of the development ofmodern civilization,and the dilemma of belief relateswith modernity closely. Besides,it offers the basic framework and main ideas of the paper by sorting out the present research condition of belief and the dilemma of belief at home and abroad. From the perspective of scientific principal,chapter one offers analysis of the fundamental things related with belief,and discusses the reasons why people build belief. From multidisciplinary angles,the paper expounds the conception and basic characteristics of belief to prove belief is a widespread social cultural and historical phenomenon and a search for and self-consciousness of the existing state,living condition and the meaning of existence in the process of human being’s evolution. In the reveal of the inner structure of belief,the paper discusses people’s confusion in cognizing belief theoretically and logically and provides scientific principal support aswell as theoretical argumentation for people to build belief. Chapter two describes and expounds the patterns and characteristics of belief through the historical and specific developing process. Especially it investigates the structural from and alternation of social forms by relating the two together. By systematically sorting out the beginning,development and evolution of belief,and comparing different characteristics of the Chinese and western beliefs,chapter two exposes the forms and characteristics of beliefs in themodern society and goes further to explicate the psychologicalmechanism of the production of belief in themodern society,which are all crucial in our comprehension of themodernistic dilemma of belief. Chapter three is concerned with analysis of how modernism leads to belief dilemma. Modernity promotes social reform and economic development; in the meanwhile,it causes dilemmas in human’s existence,development and the emptiness in spirit,which are actually self-centeredness,instrumental reason and the predicament ofmaterializationAs a fundamental thing ofmodernity,belief is still themain thing that perplexes human beings. By analyzing the positive attempts western scholarsmade to dispel the modernistic dilemma of belief,chapter three generalizes Karl Maxi’s criticism on modernity. Karl Marx not only opens the way for interpretation and reconstruction ofmodernity,butalso dissolvesmodernistic paradox into dialectic realisticmovement,by which a unified and free human society is to be built. By investigating China’smodernistic problems and argumentations,chapter four surveys the cruxes of belief in China’smodernization process,exposes the real expressions and hazards of modern Chinese belief crisis,besides,it expounds the belief challenges China is encountering,and discusses themodernity originated from the west and the practical significance of divinity and secularity in modern China. Although modernity originates from the west,China was repeatedly confronted with similarmodernistic problems and experiencing constant radicalism and conservatism,progress and retrogression,ideal and reality,longing and insecurity since she entered in the modern times. The deep-going and repeated experience of contradiction shape China’smodernity situation distinguished from the west. On the whole,China’smodernity displays and influences our judgment and understanding of themodernity. Chapter five focuses on analyzing how to strengthen the building of the national spiritual belief inmodern society and the analysis is based on the practical problems and obstacles in Chinese belief. The chapter proposes that the building of out national beliefmust adhere to the guidance of Marxism and exploitation of the existing resources of traditional culture should be accompanied by absorption of the rational kernel of western modernity,in order to establish the belief system with the core value system of socialism being the substance and people’s free and all-round development being the value target. Education is the fundamental path to build value; system construction is the practical framework of the building of belief and provides external guarantee for belief; advanced culture is the carrier of the building of belief,while self-awareness is the factor to eventually ensure that the building of belief is realized. Based on the expositions above,the Conclusion rethinks and questions the dilemma of belief in themodernistic context,besides,it explainsmodernity is the unavoidable fate for all countries(including China)and nations in the process of globalization. Althoughmodernity is full of cultural paradoxes and value conflicts,modernity plays an indelible role in promoting human civilization and the progress of belief. Review the belief problem in the process of China’s modernism aims to properly guide and build belief,make the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics into the conscientious pursuit in people and make socialist core value system the leading value to guide the trend of diversification,and the spiritual home for people. Key Words:Modernity; Belief; Dilemma of belief; Marxism; Building of belief(AI翻译)

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