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中国城市农产品流通发展报告.2015

城市 农产品流通 流通产业 产业发展 研究报告 中国 2015

2016-09-01

978-7-5161-7658-0

392

5

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  • 内容简介
  • 书籍目录
  • 作者简介
内容简介

“无农不稳。”农业,是人类的命脉。无论古今中外,都是事关世界上国家生存发展的基础性产业。“基础不牢,地动山摇。”
农业和其他产业相比,属于弱势产业。农产品是由农民这个弱势群体生产又覆盖每个人日常生活的特殊商品。群众对食品安全和价格的稳定性要求很高,这是完全正常的。因此,农产品流通基础设施和骨干产品批发市场是具有公益性的设施和市场。
世界上发达的经济体都高度重视农产品的流通和基础设施建设。它们在国内生产有政策支持、出口有补贴、进口有国内技术标准和价格保护。美、欧、日等发达国家的政府都以多种方式由财政投资建设农产品流通基础设施和批发市场。同时,充分发挥社会组织与企业的作用,引领并主导农产品流通健康发展和市场供应稳定。
出于对市场经济认识的片面性,我们一度把为数众多的农产品流通和批发业态几乎全部交给了市场,加之千家万户的小生产难以满足千变万化的大市场,粮食等主要产品抓得既稳又好,小商品却带来市场不稳,出现了“姜你军”、“蒜你狠”、“豆你玩”的调侃。当前,在国家更加重视民生的时期,人民对幸福生活有着不断提高的追求,“柴米油盐酱醋茶”自然就成了每天都会出现在生活中的“国家大事”。
中国是农产品生产大国,蔬菜、水果、水产品及部分肉类等农产品产量均居世界首位。这么大体量的农产品最终要依赖流通才能实现其价值。城市农产品流通体系是影响农产品流通成本和效率的关键和重点。中国农产品流通成本高、流通效率低的问题与城市农产品流通体系不完善有很大关系。目前,中国设市城市有660个,其中城区常住人口超过1000万特大型城市三个,500万—1000万人口超大型城市20多个,100万—500万人口大城市则上百个。因此,建立完善城市农产品流通体系已成为当前中国农产品流通体系建设的一个十分重要的任务。
改革开放30多年来,随着市场经济体制成为社会资源的基础配置手段,城市农产品流通逐渐形成了以批发市场为主导,农贸市场、菜市场以及连锁超市为城市农产品零售主渠道的流通网点。与此同时,城市农产品流通企业组织形式,呈现出多元化和规模化的特点,质量安全和品牌意识逐步增强。简言之,中国农产品流通基本上形成了以批发市场、集贸市场、连锁超市为主要渠道,以农民经纪人、运销商贩、中介组织、加工企业为主体,以产品集散、现货交易为基本流通模式,以原产品和粗加工产品为营销客体的基础流通格局,促进了农业和农村经济发展。但城市农产品流通中,还存在诸多问题,如一些城市农产品批发市场区位分布不合理、功能趋同;农产品流通环节保鲜手段落后,冷链运输占比低,缺乏品质标准化,难以实施行之有效的质量安全监管;专业化的农产品物流企业少,运营成本高;等等。
近期,商务部与国家相关部委连续发文推动公益性农产品基础性设施和重点骨干批发市场的建设,表明了国家对这项工作的高度重视。全国城市农贸中心联合会又会同北京物资学院联合组建了“中国城市农产品流通研究所”,并完成了研究成果《中国城市农产品流通发展报告(2014)》、《中国城市农产品流通发展报告(2015)》。这些都让我们看到,中国农产品流通领域建设,正在全面深化改革的大路上,迈着坚实的步伐。
消费者满怀期待。希望这些研究成果,最终惠及全体消费者!
101
2016年4月13日,北京

In April 2008, the Department of Industrial Economics of Beijing Institute of Materials was approved as a key construction discipline in Beijing, marking a new stage in the discipline construction of our university. With the continuous development of higher education, the competition between colleges and universities has become increasingly fierce, and this competition has been concentrated in the competition of disciplines, and the level of discipline construction basically represents the overall level and scientific research strength of a school. At the same time, in the current environment of increasing emphasis on the characteristics of colleges and universities, discipline construction is actually a carrier that can best reflect and carry characteristics. Beijing Institute of Materials began in-depth and systematic research on circulation issues as early as the 80s of the 20th century, and was one of the earliest institutions to start systematic research on circulation (logistics) issues. In the long-term research, not only has achieved rich scientific research results, but also been affirmed by the society in serving the capital economy, formed certain advantages in the research of the circulation field, condensed the characteristics of the discipline, and formed a research direction reflecting the integration and development of disciplines, that is, circulation economy (industry) research. Based on the field of circulation has become the characteristics of our school, and has also become the research positioning and characteristics of the key construction disciplines of our university's industrial economy. The economics major was approved as a national level (the third batch) and a Beijing characteristic professional construction point (2008), the economics teaching team was approved as an excellent teaching team in Beijing (2009), the Institute of Circulation Economy was reorganized and restored (2009), the modern circulation development and innovation research and technology innovation platform was approved for construction (2010), and the commodity and financial futures research science and technology innovation platform was added (2013), which formed a strong support for the construction of the discipline. It is believed that through the construction of these platforms and the integration of advantageous resources, the research advantages of the industrial economics discipline of our university will be more strengthened, the characteristics will be more prominent, and it will be inherited and continued on the basis of the original research. We believe that the construction of industrial economics discipline in our university should grasp the unity of historical inheritance and innovation transcendence, discipline system and research focus, commonality and individuality. In the construction of disciplines, we must pay attention to grasping the following points: first, the direction should be clear, the content should be cutting-edge, and attention should be paid to the combination of theory and practice, and should not be separated from the mainstream of development; Second, the key points should be highlighted, characteristics should be formed, long-term goals and short-term goals should be formulated, they should have their own characteristics, and they should be good at finding breakthroughs in discipline construction in practice, so that disciplines can have vitality; Third, it is necessary to have a stable academic team and backbone academic backbone, and establish a sense of responsibility and mission; Fourth, there must be a guarantee of funds, which can support the pre-research of major projects and the formation of high-level scientific research results. Therefore, in the discipline research and construction of industrial economics, we must not only realize the organic combination of international practices and China's national conditions, but also comply with the general norms of industrial economics research, and find a research space different from people in the formed research pattern and research formula, which makes our discipline construction task extremely arduous and heavy. Building a platform for discipline research, carrying out high-level scientific research, and achieving landmark scientific research results are important tasks in discipline construction. In order to achieve the goal of discipline professional construction, we are committed to building an open discipline research platform, gathering a group of academic leaders and outstanding backbone talents who are interested in circulation economy research, grasping the direction of disciplines, learning and borrowing advanced foreign research methods and theories, tracking the frontier of academic research, carrying out in-depth and systematic research on circulation economy theory, circulation industry and circulation modernization in an all-round way, enhancing academic status, improving the authority and forward-looking of academic research, and promoting the development of China's circulation economy theory research. The Beijing Institute of Materials Research Library Series, which is funded and published by Beijing Institute of Materials Science and Technology Key Construction Discipline of Industrial Economics, Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Commodity and Financial Futures Research, National Characteristic Professional Construction Point of Economics, Modern Circulation Development and Innovation Research Science and Technology Innovation Platform, and Talent Education Enhancement Program of Beijing Municipal Colleges and Universities, is the result of our all-round discipline research. The academic research library of Beijing Institute of Materials includes the academic library of circulation economy research and industrial economy research, and the academic library of circulation economy research includes research on circulation economy theory, comparative research on Chinese and foreign circulation, circulation and consumption research, urban circulation industry and urban economy research, urban agricultural product circulation research and circulation economy research dynamics. The academic library of industrial economics research includes research series such as industrial economic theory research, industrial finance research, and industrial economic hot issues. The publication of the academic research library of Beijing Institute of Materials aims to interpret the profound connotation of discipline research, track the dynamics of disciplines, grasp the frontiers of disciplines, improve the level of discipline research in our university, and achieve the goal of discipline construction with scientific research methods, cutting-edge research perspectives, broad research horizons, open research ideas, rich research content, and innovative research views. The continuous publication of the academic research library series of Beijing Institute of Materials is the embodiment of the team's collective efforts. This team is composed of professors, key teachers, master's students and undergraduates, bringing together a group of outstanding members who are interested in the research and exploration of circulation theory, and is committed to enriching the research results of basic circulation theory and continuously improving the level of circulation theory research. Thank you to the team members for their hard work. At the same time, I also thank Wang Yin, Director of the Major Project Publishing Center of China Social Sciences Press, for her valuable suggestions and meticulous work in the publication of this book. Silently cultivate, diligently, on the road of academic exploration, we sincerely look forward to colleagues to put forward valuable suggestions, and look forward to more peers joining! Zhao Xian, Dean of the School of Economics, Beijing University of Materials, Director of the Institute of Circulation Economics of Beijing Institute of Materials Science, Academic Head of Beijing Key Construction Discipline, and Project Leader of Beijing Commodity and Financial Futures Science and Technology Innovation Platform Project, in Beijing in November 2014(AI翻译)

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