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中国农民战争问题论丛

孙祚民[著]

农民战争 研究 中国

2015-12-01

978-7-5161-7320-6

261

4

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  • 内容简介
  • 书籍目录
  • 作者简介
内容简介

农民起义和农民战争是封建社会里阶级斗争的最高形式,是推动历史发展的动力。在中国封建社会里,农民起义和农民战争次数之多和规模之大,都是世界历史上所仅见的。因而,新中国成立以来,这个问题的研究受到了史学界的广泛重视,成为重点课题之一,从而也取得了显著的成绩。特别是粉碎“四人帮”以来,研究进入了一个新的阶段,提出了许多新问题和新见解。如农民战争是不是封建社会发展的唯一动力?封建统治政权能否自动调整政策?农民阶级有没有自己的哲学思想?农民起义领袖转化为封建皇帝,算不算背叛?太平天国是农民阶级专政的政权,还是新的封建政权?农民战争的历史任务是不是推翻旧王朝,建立新王朝?平均主义是不是导致农民战争失败的根源?等等。展现了史学园地百花齐放、万紫千红的繁荣景色。
形势喜人,并不等于成绩到顶。上列的许多新问题、新见解,还有待深入研究;还有一些难以赞同的意见,像农民战争具有“对社会人力、物力的严重破坏”作用和“阻碍了历史的进步”等等,还有待讨论解决;林彪、“四人帮”的极左流毒,还有待进一步彻底肃清。此外,我们至今还缺乏多卷本的中国农民战争史和系统、完整的中国农民战争理论问题的专著等等。任务非常光荣,但也十分艰巨。这就不是少数同志所能胜任。而必须积腋为裘、聚沙成塔,由广大新老史学工作者共同努力完成。这部《中国农民战争问题论丛》,就算是我献出的根毛粒沙吧。
《论丛》共收辑了十六篇习作。少数写于十年动乱之前,多数是粉碎“四人帮”以后的新作。全部在报刊上发表过。除少数篇章作了不同程度的补充修订外,其余基本上保持了原貌。
根据选辑文章的类别,全书分为上下两编。上编是关于农民战争理论问题方面的,其中又以“农民政权”问题为主;下编是关于明末农民战争方面的,偏重于具体史实的论述。这样选辑的原因,是觉得这两方面存在的问题较多,也较复杂,学术界长期存在着不同的看法。例如关于“农民政权”问题,目前起码有以下四种意见:一、农民阶级专政的农民政权;二、农民起义军建立的新封建政权;三、两重性政权;四、由农民阶级专政向地主阶级专政转化中的政权。各执己见,争论热烈。又如明末农民战争问题中,像荥阳大会的真实性及其成就和意义,李自成三围开封时“决河事件”的真相,张献忠起义军的“谷城之变”和李自成大起义失败的原因等,也都存在着认识分歧。此外,像李自成、张献忠的军事思想和辉煌战绩,“革左五营”和回族起义领袖马守应抗明斗争的事迹等,过去还很少有人系统研究过,基本上属于空白。这些习作,有的对若干有争论的问题,提出了自己的看法;有的对某些空白问题,做了点补缀工作,但都很不成熟,诚恳地希望得到指正;倘能对中国农民战争史研究的进一步深入开展,多少起到一点促进作用,就更是望外之喜了。
在写作的《论丛》文章过程中,曾从当代史学家的论著中,得到启发和营养;人民出版社的同志,给予我很大帮助,谨在此一并表示感谢。
孙祚民
一九八一年九月于山东社会科学院

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as its general secretary has carried out top-level design for the development of Chinese think tanks from the strategic perspective of promoting scientific democracy and decision-making according to law, promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and enhancing national soft power, providing important guidance and basic compliance for the construction of new think tanks with Chinese characteristics. In November 2014, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of New Think Tanks with Chinese Characteristics, marking that the construction of new think tanks in China has entered a new stage of accelerated development. In 2015, under the correct leadership and strong support of the CPC Shandong Provincial Committee and the Shandong Provincial People's Government, the Shandong Academy of Social Sciences conscientiously studied and learned from the reform experience of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, boldly explored the implementation of the "Social Science Innovation Project", and became one of the first local social sciences academies in the national Academy of Social Sciences system to comprehensively implement the philosophy and social science innovation project. In the past year, the Shandong Academy of Social Sciences has boldly carried out reforms and innovations in scientific research systems and mechanisms, personnel management, and scientific research fund management, and successively implemented a series of major innovative measures, bravely exploring new paths for the construction of new think tanks in Shandong, and achieved obvious results. The Library of Shandong Academy of Social Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Library) is a major project of the "Innovation Project" of the Shandong Academy of Social Sciences, and an important part of the Contemporary Qilu Library of the Shandong Academy of Social Sciences. The library contains scientific research achievements that have won the first prize of excellent social science achievements in Shandong Province and above since the establishment of our institute. The first batch of "Wenku" included 15 research monographs by well-known national experts such as Sun Zuomin, Qi Qizhang, Ma Chuandong, Lu Yu, Han Minqing, and Zheng Guibin. These achievements have covered the fields of history, philosophy, economics and demography, taken the Marxist world outlook and methodology as the guide, deeply studied the basic theoretical issues in the field of philosophy and social sciences, and actively explored major theoretical and practical issues in building socialism with Chinese characteristics, which played an important role in promoting the prosperity and development of philosophy and social sciences. These achievements are all masterpieces created by the author after long-term academic accumulation, which fully embodies the mission of philosophy and social science research, and shows the excellent academic style of dedication to learning and innovation. This kind of mission, rigorous scientific research attitude and scientific research style are worthy of our serious study and development, which is an inexhaustible driving force for Shandong Academy of Social Sciences to further promote the construction of innovative projects and new think tanks. There is no end to practice, and there is no end to theoretical innovation. If we want to break through the predecessors, the descendants will inevitably break through us. The achievements included in the Library will also be constantly revised, enriched and improved due to the changes of the times, the development of practice, and the innovation of theory, but their role in promoting the economic and social development of that time will be remembered together with these words. The principle of publishing the Bunko is to respect the historical value of the original work and not to significantly revise the content, so what you see in the Bunko is the original result of the intensive exploration and research of experts of that era. "Wenku" is a dynamic and open system, in the future, we will launch the second and third batches of results... The publication of "Wenku" is carried out under the direct leadership of the editorial board, and has received strong support from the author and his relatives, as well as the comrades of relevant research units of the academy. At the same time, the leadership of China Social Sciences Press attaches great importance to and gives strong support and help, especially the responsible editor Director Feng Chunfeng has made hard efforts for this, and I would like to express my sincerest gratitude. The organization and liaison of the publication of this book are the responsibility of the Scientific Research Organization Department of the Shandong Academy of Social Sciences. Due to the limited level, it is inevitable that there will be deficiencies and even mistakes in the publishing work, and readers and relevant experts and scholars are kindly requested to criticize and correct. Editorial Board of Library, Shandong Academy of Social Sciences, November 16, 2015(AI翻译)

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