作者：李新烽

出版日期：2018-08-01

ISBN：978-7-5203-3080-0

字数：140千字

热度：14

郑和下西洋 海上运输 丝绸之路 中国 21世纪 英文

郑和四次远航非洲，是将明初与各国“共享太平之福”的外交方针，覆盖到际天极地国度的标志。本报告深入阐述了实现人类历史上这一空前壮举，离不开当时中国先进的舟船技术与航海保障，以及对三条横渡印度洋直达非洲新航线的开辟：郑和访非，将木骨都束、卜剌哇、竹步、麻林、慢八撒等地纳入海上丝绸之路贸易体系，较之历代更显示出海上丝绸之路的国际意义：通过对帕泰岛“中国村”的探访，那些因海难而留居非洲的郑和部属后裔至今仍保留着中国文化传统，并成功融人非洲社会，是“移民”非洲的首批华人。将华人移民非洲史提前二三百年，有力回击了所谓的“新殖民主义论”和“中国威胁论”，并对非洲“”向东看”和中非贸易发展提供了理论和实践支持。本报告对促进中非共建21世纪海上丝绸之路，推动中非命运共同体的构建，具有极其重要的历史与现实意义。

作者：李新烽

出版日期：2020-05-01

ISBN：978-7-5203-6858-2

字数：210千字

热度：18

扶贫 调查报告 延安 英文

Humankind has generated copious quantities of material and spiritual wealth.However，poverty persists like a lingering shadow that stymies the pursuit of a better life.As a developing country with the largest population in the world，China knows all too well the acute pain of poverty.Faced with the real problems of abject want，its complicated causes and the high cost of alleviation，China's task of combating poverty is onerous.However，as the Chinese saying goes“No matter how long the journey is，it must start somewhere；no matter how tough the work is，making a start is necessary”.The Chinese people have never abandoned their pursuit of a better and happier life.Satisfying the population's need for a better life has always been the unswerving goal of the Communist Party of China（CPC）.Since the founding of the People Republic of China，the CPC has consistently regarded poverty control as a key national strategy.Its poverty reduction programs and methods of aiding the poor population have been continuously adjusted and improved according to the changes in the distribution of the poor population and the causes and characteristics.People from all ethnic groups in China have been encouraged to engage in unremitting efforts to eradicate poverty.1.1 Chronicles of the road to poverty alleviation and development with Chinese Characteristics1949 -1978 can be characterized as the phase of small-scale，relief-based poverty alleviation.Government poverty alleviation funds and material resources mainly served to help the poor address their difficulties in production and living.1978-1985 was the stage when poverty alleviation was promoted via reforms to the system.The reform of the the rural economy was taken as the main motor to stimulate rural economic activity and to aid the reduction of the number of the rural population living in poverty.1986 -2000 marked a stage of large-scale development-oriented poverty alleviation.Poverty alleviation became more institutionalized and standardized.The Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development under the State Council was set up to formulate The SevenYear Priority Poverty Alleviation Program.This detailed how to develop and mobilize resources to benefit poor areas according to local conditions，thereby promoting self-development and solving the problems of poverty locally.2001-2013 was the stagein which whole village poverty alleviation was promoted.The Outline for Poverty Alleviation and Development in China's Rural Areas（2001-2010）was formulated，taking poor villages as the focus of poverty alleviation.Poverty alleviation funds，policies and projects were directly channeled towards poor villages in order to improve their income levels.2013 to the present has come to be seen as a stage of targeted poverty alleviation.Based on the practical experience of aiding the poor，China has further put forward a new strategy of targeted poverty alleviation.It entails implementing policies based on people and places，the causes and types of poverty，and is focused on targeted assistance to help the poor shed the shackles of poverty.Through decades of practical implementation，China's poverty alleviation strategy has evolved from a policy-driven“flood irrigation”style of poverty alleviation to that of a“precision drip irrigation”，from the“blood transfusion”poverty approach，mainly reliant upon capital and material inputs，to“stimulating blood cell production”，whereby the poor themselves have a greater capacity for self-development.The total number of people in China classified as poor decreased from 98.99 million at the end of 2012 to 5.51 million at the end of 2019.The poverty headcount ratio decreased from 10.2% to 0.6% of the population.For seven consecutive years，China has reduced the number of those classified as poor by more than 10 million people per annum.The 70 million people lifted out of poverty is equivalent to the total population of a medium-sized country.In 2017，Jim Yong Kim，the former President of the World Bank，observed：“China's achievements in poverty reduction over the past five years are one of the greatest advents in human history.The global population counted as living in extreme poverty has fallen from 40% to 10%，with the principal contribution coming from China.”“World Bank President Praises China's Achievements in Poverty Reduction：One of the Greatest Events in Human History”，CCTV.COM，Oct 13，2017，http://news.cctv.com/2017/10/13/ARTIAEKYwoONjEAL8ufEhVAQ171013.shtml.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China，the Chinese people have successfully embarked on a road of poverty alleviation and development with Chinese characteristics.1.2 The experience of the road to poverty alleviation and development with Chinese characteristicsIn a nutshell，the road to poverty alleviation and development with Chinese characteristics involves extending the concept of a comprehensively well-off society for all.This accepts the leadership of the CPC as its core and aims to follow the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation.By increasing financial support，mobilizing social forces，promoting genuine efforts and stimulating the innate energy of the poor，a comprehensively well-off life can become a reality for all and the building of a community with a shared and poverty-free future can be realized for all mankind.Extending a comprehensively well-off society to all is the idea.The hardest and heaviest task in achieving this rests on what is done in rural areas，especially those which are poor.If a comprehensively well-off society cannot be created here then the whole of society cannot be brought up to this standard.“A well-off society is dependent on the well-being of villagers.”China's poverty alleviation campaign will leave no one behind，let alone those in poor areas.Only in this way can a comprehensively well-off society be built for and shared with all the people.Strengthening leadership guarantees the goal.Under the judicious leadership of the CPC，the overarching design of“four beams and eight pillars”will be enforced.This covers the responsibility system，the policy system and the investment system for poverty alleviation.The management system whereby poverty alleviation is“planned by the Central Government，managed by the provinces，and implemented by the cities and counties”will be adhered to.A timeline will be laid out，military order will be enforced，and the responsibilities of cities，counties，townships and villages at different levels will be clarified to secure a resolute victory in the battle against poverty.Insisting on targeted poverty alleviation forms the general plan.Targeted poverty alleviation is the key to successful implementation.The“Six Targeted Measures”have been agreed upon，namely targeted support objects，targeted project arrangements，targeted use of funds，targeted measures for each household，targeted allocation of personnel due to villages，and targeted results in poverty alleviation.The“Five Batches”project has been implemented：that is to say lifting one batch of people out of poverty through the development of production，one batch through relocation，one batch through ecological compensation，one batch through education and another batch through guaranteeing social security.The“Four Questions”—who to support，who to provide support，how to support，and how to outlist—needs thorough consideration.By targeting extremely poor areas，extremely poor people and extremely poor families，appropriate measures and resources will be provided to help those concerned secure a better life.Increasing financial support is the key.Poverty alleviation budgets from the central and provincial governments have been increased.The principal and leading role of government expenditure in poverty alleviation and development is well-established，as is the objective of increased financial spending in tackling poverty alleviation and development，and attracting the sponsorship of social funds.New funding channels for poverty alleviation and development will be actively opened up and these funds increased through multiple routes.Mobilizing social forces is the bedrock.Poverty alleviation and development are the common responsibility of the entire Party and the entire society.The institutional advantages of socialism should be fully exploited in order to concentrate efforts on major issues，to build a largescale pattern of poverty alleviation in which the government，the market and the society work together，mobilizing and rallying the whole of society to participate extensively form a strong united force to battle against poverty.Seeking tangible outcomes is the requirement.“The ice of poverty was not formed in a day，so it cannot be melted in one spring.”Strenuous efforts at poverty alleviation are needed.The principles of helping the poor with concrete measures and achieving pragmatic poverty alleviation outcomes will be adhered to.Efforts in this regard should withstand the test of time and be recognized by the general populace.Only by pooling efforts from all quarters can the tough battle against poverty truly be won.Stimulating innate energy is the basis.Shaking off poverty and becoming affluent depends on ambition.As long as one has ambition and confidence，there is no obstacle that cannot be surmounted.Attention should be paid to helping the poor develop both vision and wisdom，to fully mobilizing the enthusiasm and initiative of the poor people，to guiding them to establish a sense of owner awareness，to carrying forward the spirit of self-reliance，to stimulating the drive and determination to enact changes，to shifting from the attitude of“Others want to see me shake off poverty”to“I want to shake off poverty”，and to changing people's fates through their own efforts.Building a community with a shared future free of poverty is the vision for mankind.While China is committed to eliminating domestic poverty，it has been actively carrying out“South-South co-operation”，providing assistance to other developing nations without attaching any political preconditions，and supporting and helping the vast majority of developing countries，especially those which are least developed，to eradicate poverty.The Chinese people have always paid close attention to and selflessly assisted the people of those countries who still live in war，turmoil，hunger and poverty.They call on all countries to join hands and make unremitting efforts to build a community of human destiny and common development free from poverty.1.3 Successful poverty alleviation in Yan'an is a microcosm of China's poverty reduction and sustainable developmentYan'an，a revolutionary holy land，was once covered with yellow sand，being desolate and barren.On many occasions UNESCO referred to it as“a place not suitable for human habitation”.Guided by the road to poverty alleviation and development with Chinese characteristics and illuminated by the Yan'an Spirit，the area has followed the basic strategy of targeted poverty alleviation.It has，moreover，established the working mechanism of“Party Secretaries at Four Levels for Poverty Alleviation”，increased investment in poverty alleviation funds，implemented the“Three Changes”reform of poverty alleviation funds，promoted the“Eight Batches”project，drawn upon advantageous resources to build an apple-growing industry，followed the road of poverty alleviation through ecological development，deepened the“3+X”assistance activities，and stuck firmly to the principle of“both wisdom and support”，thus eradicating entirely the problem of abject poverty that has plagued the people of Yan'an for thousands of years.By the end of 2018，693 poor villages and 195，200 poor residents in Yan'an City had shaken off poverty.On May 7，2019，the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government announced that with Yanchuan and Yichuan counties being now lifted out of poverty，Yan'an City had shaken off poverty and so too had the region as a whole.Yan'an has successfully journeyed along the road to poverty alleviation and development with Chinese characteristics，and has demonstrated a great miracle within the uphill battle against poverty.Since the turn of the 20th century，the process of poverty reduction in Yan'an has passed through four stages，i.e.1935-1949，1949-1978，1978-2012，and 2012 to the present.The reduction of poverty in Yan'an has brought satisfaction to the people in six areas，namely the alleviation of regional poverty，increased economic strength，improved infrastructure，poor households have a better capacity to shake off poverty，the ability for Yan'an to realize an overall transformation，and enhanced capacity for sustainable development.Behind Yan'an's success in shaking off poverty，there lies seven effective measures，namely：the strong organization of poverty alleviation；solid and targeted poverty alleviation work；effectively integrated poverty alleviation funds，fullscale poverty alleviation through industrial development，appropriate poverty alleviation through ecological development，cohesive poverty alleviation through social causes，and successful poverty alleviation through spiritual improvement.In the process of successfully shaking off poverty in Yan'an，each of the 2 districts，the 1 city and 10 counties under its governance have revealed their own characteristics and demonstrated their own unique approaches to shaking off poverty.In short，the poverty alleviation in Yan'an is a microcosm of China's historic achievements in that great cause，an epitome of China's targeted poverty alleviation，a representative in miniature of China's green poverty alleviation，and signals a rejuvenation of China's old revolutionary base areas.Yan'an had a glorious past，and will definitely have a better future.Here，the loess lands of the Yellow River gave birth to Chinese civilization.Here，the Chinese revolution progressed from victory to glory.Here，the mountains and the earth have been transformed from yellow to green.Here，the people have bade farewell to poverty and advanced towards happiness.On the road towards rural revitalization，a Red，humanistic，ecological and attractive Yan'an is projecting her beauty and charm across the world.

作者：李新烽

出版日期：2020-05-01

ISBN：978-7-5203-6865-0

字数：154千字

热度：9

扶贫 调查报告 湘西土家族苗族自治州 英文

Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Zone is a well-known place with an ancient history，diversified ethnic groups and abundant natural and cultural tourism resources.It is home to the beautiful，world-famous Zhangjiajie National Forest Park.It also features many other scenic spots and tourist destinations，such as the Ancient Town of Fenghuang，the Mengdong River Scenic Resort，Qiliang Cavern，the Ancient Town of Qianzhou，Hibiscus Town，Liye-Wulong Mountain Scenic Resort，Luota Geopark，Aizhai Wonder，Phoenix Window Cultural Tourism Industrial Park and Laojia Village-Miao Valley Scenic Area.However，there has been a new perspective and focus on Xiangxi since November，2013，when Xi Jinping，General Secretary of CCP，inspected the region and first proposed the concept of Targeted Poverty Alleviation at Shibadong Village.Since then，Xiangxi has been known as the origin and birthplace of this concept，and poverty alleviation programs there have accelerated and entered into a new stage.Reports on the practices，experiences and effects of poverty alleviation in Xiangxi are frequently published in a variety of media sources.People may wonder why there was a need for poverty alleviation in Xiangxi，since the place is so abundant in natural and cultural tourism resources.The main reason is that the region is ecologically fragile and populated with minority nationalities，which is typically one of the“former revolutionary base areas，areas inhabited by minority nationalities，remote and border areas and poverty-stricken areas”It refers to the old revolutionary base areas，areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities，border areas，and areas with relatively high incidences of poverty.Due to the poor natural conditions and history，the production and traffic conditions in these areas are quite poor，and the social productivity development is slow.In these areas，people still have difficulties in production and living.Villages are mostly distributed in remote alpine mountains，arid limestone regions and reservoir submerged areas，none of which provide ideal conditions for agriculture.Weather conditions are harsh，and arable land is scarce and barren.Droughts and floods occur frequently，making the natural conditions for agriculture very poor.In the past，the annual average food production has not surpassed 10 kg per hectare.Before the poverty alleviation initiative，local people lived in dispersed villages.The infrastructure was out of date，with fewer and less wellmaintained roads.A lot of villages were lack of water，electricity and roads.In addition，it was densely populated with a high population growth rate.Most local people could only do jobs with low technical requirements due to the limited education they had received.Not only were these jobs low-paid，but they were also extremely unstable.Therefore，economic development and social progress have been severely hindered by the harsh natural environment and these man-made factors，resulting in the region's long-term poverty.Ever since the establishment of People's Republic of China，the living standard of people in Xiangxi has consistently improved.But compared to the progress of other regions in Hunan and further in China，Xiangxi has lagged behind for a long time.Poverty is still severe in some places.Since the Chinese Communist Party came into power，the Party and its administration at all levels，from the central committee to the local government，have persistently encouraged the local people to strive for poverty alleviation.After reform and opening up—particularly after General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed the concept of Targeted Poverty Alleviation—the work to help people in Xiangxi reduce poverty has improved and accelerated.Years of poverty alleviation work has not only lifted people in Shibadong Village out of poverty，but also greatly improved the local economy and society.Overall，the poverty alleviation programs in Xiangxi have achieved enormous success.Xiangxi Prefecture always regards poverty alleviation as the top priority and the first livelihood project.It has actively implemented the Ten ProjectsThe Ten Projects refers to the poverty alleviation projects through the production development，rural tourism，employment migration，relocation of impoverished residents，ecological compensation，education development，healthcare assistance，social security“fallback”support，infrastructure facilities construction and public service support. and Targeted Poverty Alleviation.The goals of poverty reduction have been achieved as planned.The overall problem of regional poverty has been basically solved.By the end of 2019，the prefecture has helped 554，300 people to reduce poverty.Since 2013，the incidence of poverty has dropped from 31.93% to 4.39%，and the average annual income of farmers has increased by more than 12%.The regional GDP reached 70.571 billion yuan at an average annual growth rate of 7.5%；the disposable income of farmers per capita reached 10，046 yuan at an average annual growth rate of 9.3%.The focus of poverty reduction has changed from relieforiented methods to participatory methods，and the types of poverty alleviation has changed from widespread to precise.The year of 2020 is critical and decisive to the efforts of eradicating poverty across China.In 2020，all the people living in the poor regions in China will enter into a moderately prosperous society，joining others across the country.According to the authorities，by the end of Mar.5th，2020，the poor regions of Hebei，Shanxi，Inner Mongolia，Heilongjiang，Henan，Hunan，Hainan，Chongqing，Tibet and Shaanxi have announced that all poverty-stricken counties in their regions have been lifted out of poverty and achieved the success of hat-removalAll poverty-stricken counties have been lifted out of poverty，which means the title of povertystricken counties will not exist.Hat-removal is an image metaphor.The title of poverty-stricken counties is just like a hat.All poverty-stricken counties have been lifted out of poverty is just like hat-removal..Of course，Xiangxi is a proud member of this list，and is ready to present its accomplishments to Chinese people.Although Xiangxi has done an excellent job and achieved its goals in poverty alleviation，the Party committees and governments at all levels will persist in their work alongside the people.They will take responsibility，enact policies，provide aid，and supervise as always.They are determined to pursue this success and follow lessons learned so as to enlarge，develop and optimize this performance.They intend to not only eradicate poverty but also make the region wealthy and prosperous.The local government has already drawn up a blueprint for future success in Xiangxi based on the established achievements and it is expected that Xiangxi will fair even better in the future.People living in Xiangxi will be wealthier，happier and more content.As scholars and media professionals，we have been paying attention to and observing the Targeted Poverty Alleviation efforts in Xiangxi，and we are encouraged by the achievements made in this area.Also，as scholars of international issues，especially African issues and SinoAfrican relations，we are interested in reviewing the successful experience of poverty alleviation in Xiangxi from an international perspective.Other places can learn from the successful experience in Shibadong Village and Xiangxi.Poorer villages in Hunan and other provinces in China can certainly benefit from this experience and insight，as can other developing countries and impoverished regions throughout the world.Perhaps these experiences of poverty alleviation and poverty reduction with the characteristics of Xiangxi and China can provide some references for poverty reduction in African countries and other developing countries and regions.

作者：李新烽

出版日期：2018-08-01

ISBN：978-7-5203-3086-2

字数：120千字

热度：12

中外关系 研究 非洲 英文

中国与非洲友谊源远流长，历来是命运共同体。中国特色社会主义进入新时代对世界产生重大影响，为非洲发展和中非友好合作带来新的历史机遇。近年来，中非关系保持良好发展勢头，中非合作不断迈上新台阶。中非政治互信持续增强，经贸合作保持强劲增长，人文交流合作不断扩大，合作日益深化，国际事务合作不断加强。新时代中非友好合作完全符合双方26亿人民的根本利益，完全顺应世界和平稳定与发展繁荣的历史潮流。未来中国更加需要非洲，非洲更加需要中国。双方坚持和平、发展、合作、共赢的原则，加强优势互补，实现共同发展，尤为需要加强三方面的对接：“一带一路”倡议与非盟《2063年议程》对接；国际产能合作与非洲工业化化战略对接，中国扶贫思想经验与非洲减贫计划对接。

作者：李新烽

出版日期：2018-08-01

ISBN：978-7-5203-3082-4

字数：135千字

热度：10

中资企业 企业责任 社会责任 研究报告 非洲 英文

企业社会责任，作为企业实现社会功能的重要渠道，是中资企业与非洲当地市场、社会、环境等利益相关方建立良性互动的有效平台。提升中资企业履责水平是践行正确义利观，实现中非互利共赢合作，打造“中非命运共同体”的重要方面和具体路径。本报告首先对企业社会责任的概念和内涵进行了阐释，回顾了非洲社会责任发展历程，介绍了海外中资企业履责现状，结合新时代中非合作的特点分析了中资企业非洲履责的重要性。通过展示优秀企业案例和成功履责经验，报告从市场责任、社会责任、环境责任、责任管理四个方面对中资企业非洲履责实践进行归纳总结。最后，报告针对企业履责实践中存在的不足，从政府企业和其他行为体的角度提出了建议和意见。