This book is expanded, sorted out and revised on the basis of the Youth Social Science Fund project "Research on the Transfer of Labor of Ethnic Minorities in Western China" (approval number: 06CMZ013), which is also a re-integration of my research results after entering the Economic and Social Development Research Department of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 2004. The economic development process and development economics theories of all countries in the world have confirmed that the surplus of rural labor and the continuous transfer of rural population to cities are necessary characteristics in the process of agricultural society to industrial social development. In the late 70s and early 80s of the 20th century, China's rural labor force transfer began to spontaneously, and then the scale gradually increased, and by the 90s of the 20th century, a "wave of migrant workers" was formed. According to the China Development Report 2010 by the China Development Research Foundation, by 2030, China's urbanization process will see a wave of 400 million farmers moving to cities and becoming citizens. Professor Hao Shiyuan, deputy secretary-general of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, secretary general of the presidium of the faculty, and member of the faculty, also wrote that in the process of accelerating the development of the western region or even leapfrogging development in the next 10 years, areas inhabited by ethnic minorities will usher in an unprecedented upsurge of population mobility: first, local farmers and herdsmen will move to cities and towns; Second, the migration of migrant workers from the interior to these areas; Third, local farmers and herdsmen have moved to the interior and eastern regions. Therefore, paying attention to and studying the labor transfer of rural ethnic minorities is not only a research hotspot at present but also for a considerable period of time in the future. In fact, since 2005, I have been concerned about the transfer of labor from rural ethnic minorities and have begun to collect relevant research materials at home and abroad. Although mainstream economics has been deepening the research on rural labor transfer, there are not many empirical studies on rural labor transfer of ethnic minorities. The reason for this is mainly due to the lack of high-quality, large-sample survey data. From a national perspective, at present, micro-data on the more specific economic situation of ethnic minorities are mainly obtained from three sources: one is census data, the other is the publicly published "Ethnic Statistics Yearbook" and other yearbooks, and the third is the data obtained by different research departments through questionnaire surveys. However, all three channels have varying degrees of deficiencies, the first and second sources of economic data are incomplete, for example, the lack of nationwide data on the income of ethnic minorities, and the fact that we do not have access to micro-household and personal data and therefore cannot make micro-analyses on them. If the data obtained from the third channel have shortcomings in sample sampling, survey methods, etc., their application scope and conclusions after analysis and research are not convincing enough. However, limited to the cost of the survey and strict approval procedures, it is more difficult to entrust the National Bureau of Statistics to obtain special survey data on ethnic minorities in ethnic minority areas than in the eastern and central regions. Fortunately, both sets of data used in this book are of high quality, large samples, and suitable for microeconometric analysis. The first is the survey data (CHIP data) from the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 2002 on rural households and administrative villages in 23 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, which enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad and is one of the important data for domestic and foreign experts to study China's economic problems. The second is the 2006 survey data of rural and urban households in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region commissioned by the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 2007 by the Ningxia Survey Corps of the National Bureau of Statistics. The design of the questionnaire has been guided by some well-known economists at home and abroad, thus ensuring the efficient use of data. At the same time, the data sample was randomly selected from the large sample frame of the Ningxia Investigation Corps, involving all five jurisdictions of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, with a sample size of 800 urban households, 1190 rural households and 120 administrative villages. Although these two sets of data are slightly old in terms of time, in view of the limitation of the number of years of public use of data, and the time required for data cleaning and analysis and research, especially the current lack of microdata-based research results similar to this book at home and abroad, the micrometric methods used in this book are still innovative in the analysis and discussion of the deep-seated causes of rural minority labor transfer. China is a multi-ethnic country, and the significance of research from a national perspective is undoubted. Zhu Ling, deputy director of the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and member of the Faculty of Sciences, wrote in "How to Break Through the Poverty Trap - A Case Study of Yunnan-Qinggan-Gannong and Tibetan Pastoral Areas": "In the past 30 years, the hardships and hardships experienced by China's Han 'migrant workers' in moving to cities to seek a living have been widely known. If farmers and herdsmen in ethnic minority areas make the same employment choices, they will face more obstacles, such as difficulties caused by language and cultural differences, some institutional obstacles faced by rural migrants, more or less discrimination against migrants by original urban residents, labor conflicts encountered by migrant workers in employment, etc., which may lead to social conflicts if not handled properly. When these issues involve different ethnic groups, they can easily evolve into ethnic conflicts. "I very much agree with this view. At the same time, in the chapters of this book, an attempt is made to show the content with different ethnic characteristics such as language, culture, customs, and social networks in the statistical results through model variables, so as to facilitate quantitative comparison and analysis between Han and ethnic minorities and different ethnic minorities. This book has eight chapters, some of which are derived from my published research papers at home and abroad, and pay more attention to reviewing existing research literature according to different contents. In addition to the introduction, the book is divided into four parts: the first part includes the first chapter and the second chapter, mainly combining the macro data of the eight provinces and regions of the western ethnic group and the micro-survey data of the administrative villages, peasant households and individuals of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2006, revealing the overall overview and economic and social background of rural labor transfer in ethnic areas, especially in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The second part, chapter III, mainly uses the 2002 survey data to compare the similarities and differences in the transfer of labor in Han and ethnic villages, as well as in Zhuang, Hui, Uyghur, Yi, Miao, Manchu and other ethnic minority villages nationwide. Part III covers chapters IV and V. Chapter 4 compares the disparity in income distribution between Han and ethnic minorities, covering rural and urban areas. Chapter 5 analyzes and studies the characteristics and changes of temporary and long-term poverty households of Han and ethnic minorities in rural areas from 2000 to 2002. The fourth part, namely Chapters 6 and 7, according to the survey data of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2006, not only the characteristics, industry distribution and employment status of different ethnic groups of rural labor in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region are statistically analyzed and elaborated, but also through the multiple choice Logit probability model, the five categories of Han and Hui groups in Ningxia's rural labor force, namely, the people transferred within the county town, the people transferred outside the county town in the autonomous region, and the transfer population from neighboring provinces and regions outside the autonomous region. The influencing factors of the individual, family and administrative village of the non-neighboring provinces outside the autonomous region were analyzed and studied. Dingsai, August 19, 2011（AI翻译）