图书
所谓的政策透镜是指:由于政策制定的理论、方法与流程已经很成熟,把政策制定的五阶段模型整合起来,形成一种新的政策检测工具,用来分析不同阶段、不同类型、不同领域的政策,根据所要分析的政策的具体目标展开分析。政策透镜可以大限度地放大政策的问题域及其内在机理,能及时地发现问题,并提供有针对性的反馈信息,从而实现政策制定者与受众之间的广泛联系,以及信息的及时反馈,并为防止政策在各个环节出现偏差提供一种预警机制和潜在的纠偏机制,最终为科技政策质量的提升服务。基于这个目的,笔者把该书取名为《科技政策透镜下的中国》,主要目标有两个:其一,用政策透镜审视当下中国各主要科技领域的各项具体政策,揭示其利弊得失,以尽新时代公民之责任;其二,政策透镜越完善,对政策制定流程的合理化以及质量提升的帮助越大。由于政策问题的异常复杂性,普通人已经无法全面理解政策,而政策透镜的放大作用有助于公众理解政策并在运行中减少其运行阻力。从这个意义上说,政策越清晰质量也越好。科技政策自其诞生以来(从1963年正式命名算起),距今也不过57年的历史,这也就意味着作为检视工具的政策透镜,本身仍很不完善,这需要有更多的学者与专家投身到这个领域,构建与完善透镜的架构与精准度,并借助于政策透镜为社会提供更准确与清晰的政策内容的解释与说明工作。
基于上述理念,《科技政策透镜下的中国》利用政策透镜检视了中国四个领域内的不同类型、不同阶段的政策,既包括议题的设置、工具的选择,也包括政策执行以及评价等。这四个领域主要包括文化、科技评价、人才及产业。每个领域内的政策分析包含了政策的各个阶段或侧面的问题,希望通过多个视角去对一个领域的问题进行细节放大,从而达到清晰理解这个领域的目的,并为相关政策的制定、执行、反馈、评估提供客观独立的意见。
The so-called policy lens refers to the integration of the five-stage model of policy formulation into a new policy detection tool that can be used to analyze policies at different stages, of different types and in different domains, according to the specific objectives of the policy to be analyzed, as the theory, method and process of policy formulation are already mature. The policy lens can magnify the problem domain of the policy and its internal mechanism to a large extent, and can detect problems and provide targeted feedback information in a timely manner, thus realizing a wide range of links between policy makers and audiences, as well as timely feedback of information, and providing an early warning mechanism and a potential corrective mechanism for preventing deviations of the policy in all aspects, which ultimately serves the improvement of the quality of science and technology policies. Based on this purpose, the author named the book “China under the Lens of S&T Policies”, with two main goals: first, to use the policy lens to examine the specific policies of each major S&T field in China, and to reveal their advantages and disadvantages, so as to fulfill the responsibility of the citizens in the new era; and second, the more perfect the policy lens is, the more it will help to rationalize the process of policy making and to improve the quality of policy making. Due to the extraordinary complexity of policy issues, ordinary people are no longer able to fully understand policies, and the magnifying effect of the policy lens helps the public to understand policies and reduce their operational resistance during operation. In this sense, the clearer the policy, the better the quality. Since the birth of science and technology policy (counting from its official name in 1963), it is only 57 years ago, which means that the policy lens as a review tool is still very imperfect, which requires more scholars and experts to devote themselves to this field, to build and improve the structure and precision of the lens, and to provide more accurate and clearer explanations and illustrations of policy content for the society with the help of the policy lens. Based on the above concepts, the Lens of Science and Technology Policy has been developed.
Based on the above concepts, China through the Lens of Science and Technology Policies utilizes a policy lens to examine different types and stages of policies in four areas in China, including the setting of issues, the selection of tools, and the implementation and evaluation of policies. These four areas include culture, science and technology evaluation, talent, and industry. The policy analysis in each area includes issues at various stages or sides of the policy, hoping to zoom in on the details of an area through multiple perspectives, so as to achieve a clear understanding of the area, and to provide objective and independent opinions for the formulation, implementation, feedback, and evaluation of the relevant policies.
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