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The emergence of the non-profit microfinance institutions（MFIs）with the characteristic of social enterprise is the result of innovative exploration undertaken by international organizations to solve the problem of financial exclusion and provide more effective financial services for the poor and low-income groups，facing the challenges and development trend of commercialization and market transformation.In China，the nonprofit MFIs are the pioneers and earliest practitioners in the development process of contemporary microcredit，microfinance and inclusive finance.In practice，our non-profit MFIs have experienced the change of environment，the transition of institutional system，the diversity of business model，as well as the overall enhancement of both financial performance and social performance，leading to the appearance of the successful expericence at the micro level which are represented by such MFIs as CFPA，Shaanxi Xixiang Women Development Association and so on that stick to their mission of poverty alleviation，focus on meeting the demand of the middle and low income groups in financial services and realize their sustainability.However，such MFIs face many difficulties at the macro level.In addition to its own business level and ability constraints，what is the most important is the lack of regulations and policies and the shortage of institutional，sustainable funding sources and financing channels to support its sustainable development.In the process of formulating policies and regulations，the government and regulators should clarify the legal identity and positioning of the institutions engaging in microcredit business aiming at poverty alleviation，provide preferential tax policies and institutional financing channels，and promote the establishment and sustainable development of Chinese-style“Bank for the Poor”.Non-profit MFIs should get the differentiated positioning advantage，improve the governance structure，strengthen the exchanges and cooperation between the peer，other types of financial institutions as well as industrial associations，innovate products and services in order to realize the preservation and sustainability while insisting on the balance between seeking profit and righteousness，as well as the unity of“Shu”and“Dao”.
