图书
Lu Xiaofei's "Half the Sky of Chinese Journalism" was finally published, and Mr. Chongshan's painstaking efforts came to an end here. As a fellow journalist, while cherishing each other, I also admire the author's panoramic and positive historical picture of women in Chinese journalism in the torrent of information under the mud and sand, in order to fill the gap of such writings, its academic value has its own historical judgment. Teacher Chongshan is obsessed with the pursuit of truth, and she has never had a time sitting and talking with her handy news investigation, which is my impression of knowing her for 30 years. When I first joined the People's Daily in 1983, many changes were brewing in the press itself, including a journalistic investigation organized by Mr. Chongshan. At that time, the Institute of Journalism of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences borrowed Building 9 of the People's Daily, and we had many opportunities to meet, and every time we saw her, she was always holding a topic, working with young colleagues to put into social practice, using empirical research methods combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, carrying out reader surveys on many different topics, which became a means to force the truth of the news. At that time, journalism reform, like all other reforms, fascinated many of us journalists, and the novelty and originality of empirical research on journalism also gave our front-line journalists a sense of urgency, which even influenced my later news writing. In the summer of 1995, we gathered at the NGO Forum of the Fourth World Conference on Women, all of whom were speakers of the forum "Women and the Media", and Professor Chongshan's keynote speech was the survey report "The Status and Development of Women Journalists in China", which was also a relatively important topic on the forum. Three years later, when I transferred to the China Women's Daily, I thought there would be few opportunities to meet, but she not only interviewed me at home, but also conducted many reader surveys for the Women's Daily. It was not until I recently read the manuscript of this book that she learned that after the World Conference on Women, she followed the direction of gender advocacy and research "one way to the end", and finally used this book to give back to the questions raised by the World Conference on Women. So, what exactly did the World Conference on Women raise? At that meeting, the heads of government jointly signed the Platform for Action, which was released to the world in the form of the Beijing Declaration. The Programme of Action addresses 12 areas of concern to the world on all aspects of women's survival and development, including employment, education, health, the environment, the girl child, anti-violence and anti-poverty, among which "women and the media" is a worldwide topic, which requires Governments to "encourage the media to create and adopt non-stereotypical, balanced and pluralistic images of women" and "encourage the media not to portray women as inferior and to use them as sex objects and commodities", and portrayal women as creative beings, as important actors, facilitators and beneficiaries of the development process". It was also suggested that the mass media should "develop professional norms and codes of conduct and other forms of self-regulation, consistent with the principle of freedom of expression, to promote the representation of non-stereotypical images of women". It was proposed to "promote the equal sharing of family responsibilities through media campaigns, emphasizing gender equality and non-stereotypical gender roles of women and men in the family". To put it bluntly, the core element in solving the problem of gender equality is ideology, and the "Program for the Development of Chinese Women" formulated by the Chinese government has responded positively, proposing to "formulate gender-conscious cultural and media policies, increase the publicity of the basic national policy of gender equality, enhance the gender awareness of the whole society, gradually eliminate prejudice, discrimination against women and social concepts that demean women, and create a good social environment for women's development". Twenty years later, the development of Chinese women has attracted the attention of the world, and the evolution of these 12 fields has generally synchronized with the development of national conditions, and women have made great progress in the fields of employment, health, education, hygiene, marriage and family, and anti-poverty, while the media, environment, girls, anti-violence and other fields are not satisfactory. As a member of the media industry, I have made sharp criticisms and introspection, but I do not deny the achievements in these areas. I summarize the changes in the relationship between media and women into three characteristics, namely, "the development pattern of half of the rivers and mountains, the development trend of the mainstay and the heroic trajectory of the smiling rivers and lakes". The so-called half-country development pattern refers to the employment status of women in the media industry. According to the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television issued the Notice on Open Government Information (Guang No. 168 of 2016) on June 20, 2016, the total number of journalists in the country is 900664, of which 356211 are women, accounting for 39.55%. Of the 258126 approved press cards, 143964 (55.77 per cent) were male journalists and 114162 were female journalists (44.23 per cent). The distribution of certified journalists is: 100979 newspaper reporters, 7,434 periodical reporters, 3,087 news agency reporters, 145429 radio and television reporters, 386 news film studio reporters, and 801 reporters from central key websites. Of course, there are still a large number of people engaged in online media, self-media and non-institutional media who have not been counted. In these figures alone, the number of women journalists is close to half. This is in line with the current situation of female students in the faculties of journalism and communication in higher education institutions. The so-called development trend of the mainstay refers to the status of women in the media industry. Over the years, the press has undoubtedly been tested by all the major events in our country, and the work of women journalists has also been demonstrated through mass communication. The proportion of women in the media industry entering the decision-making level is increasing, especially in the radio and television system, and women have also appeared in the party newspaper system that used to be dominated by all men, and the growth rate of high-level talent has exceeded foreseeing. As a judge, I have participated in the evaluation of senior professional titles in the national press and publication industry for many years, and since 2008, there has been a trend of more women than men. For example, in 2010, 87 people were rated with senior titles in the news industry in 2009, including 34 men and 53 women; In 2011, 92 people were rated with senior professional titles, including 34 men and 58 women. The title evaluation of the publishing industry for many years has been more women than men, which shows the development of female talents in the news and publishing industry. The so-called heroic trajectory of smiling rivers and lakes is borrowed from Qiu Jin's predecessor's concept of changing heroes to heroes, which is a wake-up call to our own multiple challenges. These multiple challenges come from both institutional and conceptual aspects. More than a decade ago, on the periphery of the traditional news system, there was a new army of market-oriented media led by women, and after several rounds of big waves, there are still sunshine media group, Caixin media, interactive media group Xiaoao Jianghu, they have created a number of highly market-oriented media products, and their maverick style of daring to face challenges has also been accepted by society. Once upon a time, we had both an optimistic side and a conservative side to the development trend of media women, who would have thought that every woman today would be a self-media information publisher, and how could they have expected that the "information explosion" in the mobile Internet era was so so. Undoubtedly, the information society highlights the advantages of women, advanced productive forces create conditions for gender equality, manual labor and mechanical labor are gradually replaced by highly intelligent labor, and women who were once shorter than men suddenly grow taller with the help of the shoulders of the giant "electronic technology". Developed muscles are by no means "superior" to intelligent brains, and material changes are gradually adjusting the evaluation system of society. So, we are in the "information" age, is society's evaluation of women progressing or regressing? Are ordinary women awakening or becoming more confused in the depths of consciousness? In my opinion, it is a mixed blessing. The "information explosion" will break through the cage of ideas, but it will also lead to confusion of thoughts. It is often believed that Chinese women entered an era of awakening in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. However, there is a paradox in the sporty "equality between men and women", and many people actually realize that they have not become women in the true sense of the word, and that political overkill has eroded women's nature, and they want to return to their role as "women" and be a truly complete woman. The symbol of this "awakening" is reflected in the liberation of clothing, makeup, sex, but also imprinted in the choice of occupation, and even in the description and pursuit of temperament and form, blindly finding "femininity", but not pursuing what "taste" a woman should be, and falling back into the stereotype of norms. Some universities and secondary schools have added ladies courses, and some private institutions have held so-called chastity lectures, but they have bypassed the essential requirements of women's all-round development. Women in the media industry in the middle of it naturally can't avoid these topics, and blindly obeying the chaos in the media industry makes a comeback, which is really sad. "Women and the Media" covers both the spiritual and material dimensions, serving as both a vehicle for oath and a front for action, an executive body that lacks rigidity due to its difficult to quantify attributes. The essence should be limited to the growth of women in this field, or the literal participation of women in the program, the first priority should be the gender advocacy of the media in the process of communication, and the overall goal should be that the media and social mechanisms work together in a unified and orderly manner to mainstream gender consciousness into decision-making, but the media itself does not produce such consciousness. It's reminiscent of the old saying "if you don't reach a broom, dust doesn't run away on its own." "20 years of practice have taught us that it is not enough to have a program alone, nor is it enough to have one or two institutions to implement, promote or supervise. Raising the gender awareness of media practitioners must be a long-term task, and women in the media industry should have a sense of self-consciousness to quantify the habitual gender stereotypes as rats crossing the street, forming a situation where everyone shouts and fights. If the news media is the vanguard of gender advocacy, then women in the media industry should be the vanguard, and we must not follow the trend when gender culture is still imprinted with the shadow of patriarchy and patriarchy. The shaping of women's images in media discourse is certainly a reflection of social reality, and we should diversify women's images in communication, so that more weak figures can enter the mainstream with positive images. When reporting on women-related issues and dealing with related discourse, we should take an objective and fair standpoint. When formulating reporting guidelines, adhere to the perspective of gender analysis, adhere to the position of gender equality, do not stereotype and stereotype the image of women, and pay attention to balanced and diversified presentation. Even the presentation of women's images should pay attention to the voices of women of different strata, and issues involving the rights and interests of women and children should be exposed and analyzed. The experience and ideological and theoretical research results of safeguarding the rights and interests of women and children in various localities should be actively studied and disseminated, and more women should be guided to participate in the dissemination of opinions on participation. Topics such as women's land rights, equal retirement for men and women, and women's phased employment are discussed to influence decision-making. The extent and quality of social problems revealed by the media directly determine whether they can enter the "problem construction" of public policies, and then provide effective solutions for the public sector, which means that the public sector will be more inclined to this in the process of policy adoption, which can effectively promote the government's active attention and decisive governance, so as to find the right solution to the real social problem and successfully "resolve the problem". In the process of "policy evaluation", journalists should give full play to their own advantageous position, supervise the strength and quality of the implementation of the public policy, and the "degree of fit" of the policy into practice, judge the shortcomings of the policy, and then make suggestions to continuously improve the public policy. We aspire to a society that is gender-equal and that is good at using mechanisms to reconcile conflicts and contradictions. There is no need to avoid that under the trend of media commercialization and consumerism, new gender discrimination and the idea of women returning home are still rampant, more and more women are experiencing the influence of hedonistic thought, still confused in the stereotyping of traditional social division of labor, there are not a few women willing to return to the family, the mass media still blur the belonging of the sexes, blur the dissemination of information, and weaken the sharpness that news women should have. The implementation of the basic national policy of equality between men and women, the equal development of men and women and harmonious coexistence are the basis for building a harmonious society. Today, the state has recognized and solved the issues of women's development and gender equality from the perspective of building a harmonious society. It is beginning to put gender equality in the same important position as the basic issues facing the survival and development of human society, such as population, resources and environment, and raise it to the height of national policy, which reflects the great importance that the party and the state attach to women's development and think deeply about building a harmonious society. The precedents of developed countries prove that economic growth cannot replace women's progress, social progress does not equal women's progress, gender issues have super-class and cross-stage characteristics, and it is necessary to promote economic and social development through laws, policies, education, public opinion and other means, while solving the problem of women's comprehensive development, so that women and men develop in tandem and in harmony with social development. Women journalists will also be free and reborn in the process.(AI翻译)
中华文明的起源
THE MAKING OF THE CHINESE CIVILIZATIONPractice of BRI Think Tank Internationalization RDI Annual Report 2017(Volume Ⅰ)
Practice of BRI Think Tank Internationalization RDI Annual Report 2017(Volume Ⅰ)中国式国家建构
“一带一路”
Belt and Road Initiative中国的生态文明建设之路(英文)
The Road to Ecological Civilization Construction in China
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