图书
Kant is an important town of modern philosophy, and can even be said to be a major entrance. He is often credited with initiating the "Copernican Revolution" in the history of modern philosophy. Some people say that in the West today, in almost all the philosophy departments of major universities, there is almost one professor who specializes in Kant, or at least someone has studied Kant for a long time or even has a monograph. Other philosophers who did not specialize in Kant also studied his works carefully. If you want to enter the intellectual space of modern philosophy, Kant is absolutely inescapable. Kant has also been a valuable resource for the development of modern Chinese philosophy, especially Chinese moral philosophy. The two most philosophical thinkers and influential in contemporary Chinese philosophical circles who have lived in Taiwan, Hong Kong and the mainland for a long time, Mou Zongsan and Li Zehou, have specialized and heavy works to study Kant. But Kant's theory is the fruit of a huge, famously "difficult" idea. He spans the epistemology, ontology, ethics, aesthetics, and even religion, law, anthropology, and natural sciences of philosophy, and even if you study one of them, you can't help but touch on the others, especially its basic philosophical principles. And his philosophy not only has an unusually broad dimension, but its deep roots are also very deep and secretive, and it also contains many complex paradoxes or views that can be analyzed and interpreted in a variety of ways. This means that in order for a thinker to really enter the field of studying Kant, he must prepare for a long time, a cold, probably cold bench time, and must be determined to abandon many transactional tasks and concentrate on thought. Kant is definitely worthy of such investment by people who love thought and wisdom. If a person has had an experience specializing in Kant, he may not be too superficial or too proud. Kant's ethics, or moral philosophy, is particularly relevant. It may be said in layman's terms that the sparks of disappointment that we have felt in recent times in theology, in the field of philosophical ontology and epistemology, have been rekindled and rekindled into hope in practical philosophy and ethics, through Kant. Therefore, Zhaoguo's work in studying Kantian ethics is a very meaningful thing that I think is difficult. Zhaoguo visited the Department of Philosophy of Peking University a few years ago, and we spent some academic sharing and exchange time together. He originally studied Mencius, had a good foundation in Chinese learning and solid literature, and was irrepressibly attracted by Kant's thought and entered the hall of Western philosophy. It is also quite pertinent that he summarizes and analyzes the characteristics of Kant's moral philosophy as a modern rationalist ethic and deontology in terms of "reason" and "honorific righteousness". In Kant, this rationalism is not trespassive, but limited. Therefore, "reason" is a certain absoluteness of "reason" and a certain limitation of "reason". The same is true of "respect", where "righteousness" has both a certain supreme meaning and cannot but "respect" in nature, and a certain meaning that is simple and basic in content and cannot but be "heavy". Recently, some British scholars have questioned whether his moral philosophy is deontology, but I think a basic contrast still exists: Kant's moral philosophy and teleology, which dominated before him, also have very different characteristics from the utilitarianism that became particularly popular after him. Therefore, the distinction between deontology and teleology in modern ethics can be roughly distinguished according to Kant's ethics and the theory of confrontation with it. Of course, the deontology represented by Kant and the teleology or consequentialism represented by utilitarianism all profoundly reflect, or to some extent, pre-empt and promote the modern changes of human society. In terms of its ideological resources, utilitarianism moves from a refined self-hedonism to a measurable universalization of benefits, and deontology moves from being contained in a comprehensive and sublime self-perfectionism in the past to an independent and universalized one, which, in addition to its meaning and logic as thought itself, also characterizes the changes in the society of the times towards equality, and they all take into account the majority, that is, to all members of society, including the minority and the majority of the past. Ethics has thus become a truly society-wide ethic, and debates and choices between new and old ideas will take place or continue on this platform. I still can't fathom the depth of Zhaoguo's research. Although I also studied Kant specifically, it can even be said that the ethical views I later developed were deeply influenced by Kant. But I did not do this kind of research for a long time now. Therefore, I have been hesitant to write this preface, trying to find some time to read Kant carefully again, but I was caught off guard for a while due to the urgent task and limited energy, and I felt Zhaoguo's sincere invitation and trust, and I could not bear to let Zhaoguo's patient silent waiting to continue endlessly, and finally just wrote some simple sentimental words like the above, ashamed. He Huaihong in brownstone, September 30, 2011(AI翻译)
置顶