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The year 2008 marks the 190th anniversary of the birth of the great proletarian revolutionary teacher Marx, the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, and the year in which Western neoliberal economic theories and policies went bankrupt due to the global financial crisis. For a long time, it was widely believed that Marx's economic theory was outdated. However, with the full-scale outbreak of the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States, Marx's "Capital" suddenly sold well in the developed countries of the West. Practice once again proves that the Marxist economic theory of 150 years ago still has immortal value. And I have always been a staunch Marxist. The publication of the "Biography of Marx", which I have personally devoted 50 years to (along with the second edition of the "Biography of Engels"), is the result of my personal adherence to academic beliefs, and at the same time a powerful response to the current "outdated theory of Capital", and more importantly, I want to pay tribute to the revolutionary mentor Marx on the 190th anniversary of his birth. That's arguably my motivation for publishing this book. However, the publication of this book has received widespread attention from the government, academia and even the public, so in response to the general demand of the public and people from all walks of life, the second edition of the "Biography of Marx" was held as scheduled. From the perspective of personal summary, I think this book has the following four characteristics: First, the two books "Marx Biography" and "Engels Biography" are the first academic research biographies written by Chinese scholars, which can be said to be major breakthroughs in the field of social science research in China. The independent completion of a single academic biography of two revolutionary mentors by one person is unprecedented in the history of world Marxist studies. Data show that in the past, only the famous Soviet scholar Ryazanov and the French scholar Kornyu wrote two joint biographies of Marx and Engels, and although the GDR scholar Grechv and the former president of the Central Party School of the CPSU were once editors-in-chief, they were all collectively compiled by many people. Some other scholars have only written about Marx, such as Merlin in Germany and McClellan in England, and some have only written about Engels, such as Meyer in Germany and Stepanova in the Soviet Union. Therefore, the academic research "Biography of Marx" and "Biographies of Engels" written independently by me alone is the first time in the history of world Marxist research, and it can be said that it fills the gap in the history of world Marxist research. These two books can be called the first in China and rare in the world. Second, the two books "Biography of Marx" and "Biography of Engels" have their own focus and complement each other in content, becoming a unified and inseparable whole. The more detailed content described in the "Biography of Marx" is relatively brief in the "Biography of Engels"; It is described in the "Biography of Marx" with a relatively brief description, and in the Biography of Engels, there is a more detailed description. The two refer to and complement each other. For example, the Biography of Marx describes in detail the entire process of Marx's writing of the three manuscripts of Capital, and concisely summarizes the theoretical system and core content of the four volumes of Capital; The "Biography of Engels" recorded in detail the hard work of Engels in the process of sorting out the 2nd and 3rd volumes of "Capital", and the arduous struggle with the enemy to defend the scientific nature of "Capital". Third, the two books "Biography of Marx" and "Biography of Engels", each of which is a panoramic description of the two revolutionary teachers. The book not only describes their revolutionary activities, but also describes their theoretical achievements. In "Marx's Biography", I highlighted the image of "Marx was first and foremost a revolutionary", and comprehensively described the perfect combination of revolutionary theory and revolutionary practice in the great teacher. At the same time, I have devoted two chapters to describing in detail the process of Marx's writing of Capital, making a detailed comparative analysis of his three manuscripts, and concisely summarizing the core content of Capital. In the "Biography of Engels", I focused on Engels' theoretical achievements, such as "Anti-Dühring", "Dialectics of Nature", etc., and at the same time focused on describing the process of Engels fully assisting Marx in leading revolutionary activities, reflecting the humble quality and broad-mindedness of the revolutionary teacher Engels who were willing to "play the second violin". Fourth, the two books "Biography of Marx" and "Biography of Engels" have made bold innovations in theoretical generalization. For example, in the biography of Marx, I put forward a point of view that is different from other scholars in the periodization of the history of the creation of Capital. According to the maturity of the Marxist theory of surplus value and the perfection of the entire scientific system of Capital, I divide the history of the creation of Capital into three stages: the first stage (1843-1849) is the preparatory stage for the creation of Capital, and Marxian economic theory is basically formed. At this stage, Marx laid the methodological foundation of Capital and already knew the existence of surplus value and how it was produced. The second stage (1850-1865) was the writing of the manuscript of Capital, and Marx's economic theory was basically established. At this stage, Marx wrote three manuscripts of Capital, studied all important issues in the theoretical part of Capital and the historical part of the theory of surplus value, and established the scientific system of Capital. Third phase (1866-1883). Volume 1 of Capital was published in 1866, and Marxist economic theory was widely disseminated, followed by subsequent revisions to volumes 2 and 3 of Capital. The historical periodization of this book is different from the division of Soviet scholars Leondeev and different from the division of domestic scholars such as Sun Kaiyong, which can be said to be a new insight. Since the death of Marx and Engels, many people have tried to write biographies of two revolutionary teachers, but as Wilhelm Liebknecht, a famous activist of the international workers' movement, said, "Writing about people like Marx must bear a heavy responsibility", so many scholars do not know themselves enough to bear this responsibility, so they dismiss this idea. My two works, "Biography of Marx" and "Biography of Engels", combine the revolutionary activities of Marx and Engels with their theoretical creation from the perspective of economics, which is the first time in China and rare in the world. These are all my own small contributions to the academic history of Marxism in the world. On the contrary, I was able to finally complete the academic biographies of the two revolutionary mentors, precisely on the basis of the many useful attempts and explorations made by my predecessors, and under the inspiration and encouragement of my predecessors, I absorbed the results of the research results of many scholars at home and abroad. Therefore, the publication of these two works can also be said to be the collective contribution of China's academic community to the history of Marxism and the crystallization of collective wisdom. Here, I would like to thank the experts and scholars who have given me long-term care and help. In particular, I would like to thank Professor Song Tao, Professor Gao Fang, Professor Wang Jue and Director Gu Jinping for their profound, pertinent and comprehensive comments on my two works, which enabled my book to have the opportunity to win the Government Publishing Award. At the same time, I would like to thank Mr. Feng Bin, the responsible editor of China Social Sciences Press, for his encouragement and help to me, especially his tireless efforts to arrange for the timely republication of this book. At the same time, I would also like to thank my students, especially Dr. Dong Jihua, for doing a lot of work in their spare time. In short, these two works are the embodiment of collective strength, and I sincerely thank everyone for their support and help! is for the order! Xiao Zhuoji in April 2011 at Zhonghai Zijin Yuan（AI翻译）
