英语文学中的社会主义思潮研究

内容简介

在世界文学史上，社会主义思潮对英语文学产生了深远的影响。自托马斯·莫尔在《乌托邦》（1516）中提出“乌托邦”理想而萌发了空想社会主义思潮之后，社会意识形态领域中出现了多种多样的社会主义的概念和理论，影响着世界各国的社会沿革、国际政治、国家政体、文化教育、经济税收、医疗保险、福利保障等方面的演变和完善，也启迪着人类从未停止步伐去追求和探索一个没有资本主义弊端的完美的社会体制或“自由国度”（马克思语）。历史证明，马克思是人类的人文精神和社会发展的重要导师。以马克思主义为指导的国际共产主义运动和无产阶级革命实践汇成了强大的社会主义思潮，在世界范围内催生和繁荣了社会主义文学和文学批评，深刻地影响着世界文学的构成和发展。马克思主义诞生后，很多国家如英国、法国、德国、俄国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、古巴、中国等先后成立了共产主义者同盟、共产党、社会主义党等共产主义性质的政党和组织，它们不仅引导了本国的社会主义革命实践，也吸引了大批作家和文学评论家加入共产主义思想阵营和组织，成为社会主义文学发展的核心力量。英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等英语国别文学基本上都历经了激进老左翼、新左翼、当代左翼三个发展阶段，左翼文学书写不可否定地已经融入了各自民族主义文学和本土文学的构建，不但勃发出社会主义文学独有的文学特质和持久生命力，也弘扬了马克思主义美学观和共产主义精神。社会主义思潮也穿越和汇接了浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义和后现代主义等文学流派的嬗变，增强和丰富了马克思主义文学批评理论的方法和内涵。

In the history of world literature, socialist ideas have had a profound impact on English literature. Since Thomas More put forward the ideal of "utopia" in "Utopia" (1516) and germinated the trend of utopian socialism, a variety of concepts and theories of socialism have emerged in the field of social ideology, affecting the evolution and improvement of social evolution, international politics, national polity, culture and education, economic taxation, medical insurance, welfare security, etc. in all countries of the world, and also inspired mankind to never stop the pace to pursue and explore a perfect social system or "free country" without the drawbacks of capitalism (Marx). History proves that Marx is an important teacher of human humanistic spirit and social development. The international communist movement and the practice of proletarian revolution guided by Marxism have converged into a powerful socialist trend of thought, giving birth to and prospering socialist literature and literary criticism around the world, and profoundly affecting the composition and development of world literature. After the birth of Marxism, many countries, such as Britain, France, Germany, Russia, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Cuba, China, etc., successively established communist political parties and organizations such as the Communist League, the Communist Party, and the Socialist Party, which not only guided the practice of socialist revolution in their own countries, but also attracted a large number of writers and literary critics to join the communist ideological camp and organizations, becoming the core force for the development of socialist literature. English-speaking literature such as Britain, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand has basically gone through three stages of development: radical old left, new left, and contemporary left, and left-wing literary writing has undeniably integrated into the construction of their respective nationalist literature and local literature, which not only exudes the unique literary characteristics and lasting vitality of socialist literature, but also promotes the Marxist aesthetic outlook and communist spirit. The trend of socialist thought also crosses and converges the transmutations of literary schools such as romanticism, realism, modernism and postmodernism, and enhances and enriches the methods and connotations of Marxist literary criticism theory.

参考文献

中文文献

[1][德]阿多诺：《美学理论》，王珂平译，四川人民出版社1998年版。

[2]陈惇、孙景尧、谢天振：《比较文学》，高等教育出版社2007年版。

[3]程代熙：《马克思主义与美学中的现实主义》，上海文艺出版社1983年版。

[4]程代熙：《马克思主义与现实主义美学》，上海文艺出版社1983年版。

[5]程代熙：《程代熙文集：马克思主义与现实主义美学》（第二卷）,长征出版社1999年版。

[6]程正民、邱运华、王志耕、张冰：《20世纪俄国马克思主义文艺理论研究》，北京大学出版社2011年版。

[7]董衡巽：《美国文学史》，人民文学出版社2002年版。

[8][德]恩格斯：《致玛·哈克奈斯》,《马克思恩格斯选集》（第四卷），人民文学出版社1972年版。

[9][德]恩格斯：《英国工人阶级状况》,《马克思恩格斯选集》（第二卷），人民文学出版社1972年版。

[10][德]恩格斯：《英国妇女状况》,《马克思恩格斯全集》（第四十五卷），人民出版社1985年版。

[11][德]恩格斯：《自然辩证法》，人民出版社1984年版。

[12]逢珍：《加拿大英语诗歌概论》，民族出版社2008年版。

[13][英]弗朗西斯·马尔赫恩：《当代马克思主义文学批评》，刘象愚等译，北京大学出版社2002年版。

[14]贺建涛：《加拿大左翼政党的理论主张与现实地位》,《国外理论动态》2012年第10期。

[15]黄仲文：《加拿大文学作品选读》，湖南教育出版社1986年版。

[16]金元浦主编：《中国文化概论》，中国人民大学出版社2007年版。

[17][美]乔纳森·卡勒：《文学理论入门》，译林出版社2013年版。

[18]李赋宁：《欧洲文学史》，商务印书馆2001年版。

[19][俄]列宁：《大难临头，出路何在？（一九一七年九月）》,《列宁全集》（第二十五卷），人民出版社1988年版。

[20][俄]列宁：《帝国主义是资本主义的最高阶段》，人民出版社2004年版。

[21]李兆前：《雷蒙德·威廉斯的生态社会主义思想》,《理论月刊》2014年第5期。

[22]陆贵山主编：《中国当代文艺思潮》，中国人民大学出版社2009年版。

[23][匈]卢卡奇：《历史与阶级意识》，杜章智等译，商务印书馆1999年版。

[24][加]玛格丽特·阿特伍德：《盲刺客》，韩忠华译，上海译文出版社2012年版。

[25][德]马克思：《资本论》（第1卷），人民出版社1972年版。

[26][德]马克思、恩格斯：《马克思恩格斯全集》（第二十二卷）,人民出版社1965年版。

[27][加]迈克尔·翁达杰：《身着狮皮》，姚媛译，译林出版社2003年版。

[28]马鹏飞：《论〈1984〉对英国乌托邦小说传统的颠覆与超越》，硕士学位论文，兰州大学，2008年。

[29]毛泽东：《纪念白求恩》（1939年12月21日）,《毛泽东选集》（第二卷），人民出版社1979年版。

[30]邱运华：《文学批评方法与案例》，北京大学出版社2006年版。

[31]双传学：《高举21世纪马克思主义的思想旗帜》,《红旗文稿》2017年第10期。

[32]沈静：《詹姆逊的马克思主义阐释学美学》，人民文学出版社第2013年版。

[33]王腊宝等：《澳大利亚文学批评史》，中国社会科学出版社2016年版。

[34]王立新、王旭峰、邓宏艺：《欧洲近现代文学艺术史论》，天津人民出版社2011年版。

[35]王予霞：《苏珊·桑塔格与当代美国左翼文学研究》，中国社会科学出版社2009年版。

[36][加]威·约·基思：《加拿大英语文学史》，耿力平等译，北京大学出版社2009年版。

[37][美]韦恩·C.布斯：《小说修辞学》，华明、胡苏晓、周宪译，北京大学出版1986年版。

[38]魏莉：《加拿大英语左翼小说研究》，博士学位论文，南开大学， 2015年。

[39]魏莉：《新马克思主义文学评论视域中解读〈饶舌者〉》,《内蒙古大学学报》2014年第6期。

[40]魏莉：《加拿大化运动及其对高等教育体制的影响》,《高等教育研究》2006年第2期。

[41]魏莉：《论加拿大左翼小说〈计程车！〉的社会主义女性主义思想》,《内蒙古大学学报》2015年第3期。

[42][加]威廉·赫伯特·纽：《加拿大文学史》，吴持哲等译，内蒙古大学出版社1994年版。

[43]魏天无：《新世纪以来国内西方马克思主义文学批评研究现状及问题》,《中国政法大学学报》2012年第2期。

[44]吴岳添：《法国现当代左翼文学》，湘潭大学出版社2007年版。

[45]谢少波、王逢振：《文化研究访谈录》，中国社会科学出版社2003年版。

[46]谢江南、张湘君：《萧伯纳与中国：时代的相逢与误读》,《中华读书报》2013年6月5日第19版。

[47][英]伊格尔顿：《后现代主义的幻象》，华明译，商务印书馆2000年版。

[48][英]伊格尔顿：《审美意识形态》，王杰等译，广西师范大学出版社2001年版。

[49][英]伊格尔顿：《二十世纪西方文学理论》，伍晓明译，北京大学出版社2007年版。

[50][英]伊格尔顿：《理论之后》，商正译，商务印书馆2009年版。

[51][英]伊格尔顿：《马克思为什么是对的》，李杨等译，新星出版社2011年版。

[52]衣俊卿：《新马克思主义评论第一辑·卢卡奇专辑》，中央编译出版社2012年版。

[53]杨周翰：《欧洲文学史》，人民文学出版社1980年版。

[54]虞建华：《新西兰文学史》，上海外语教育出版社2015年版。

[55]詹姆斯·斯蒂尔、魏莉、黄志钢：《白雪天使：加拿大现代英语诗歌选集》，内蒙古大学出版社2008年版。

[56][美]詹姆逊：《政治无意识》，王逢振等译，中国社会科学出版社1999年版。

[57][美]詹姆逊：《再现资本：重读〈资本论〉第一卷》，胡志国等译，中国人民大学出版社2013年版。

[58]张一兵主编：《资本主义理解史》，江苏人民出版社2009年版。

[59]赵慧珍：《加拿大英语女作家研究》，民族出版社2006年版。

[60]周惠斌：《萧伯纳“闪电”访沪始末》,《中华读书报》2010年11月17日第5版。

马克思主义理论和文学理论著作（英文）

[1]Louis Pierre Althusser,On the Reproduction of Capitalism,G.M.Goshgarian,trans.&ed.,London &New York:Verso,2014.

[2]Mikhail Bakhtin.Marxism and the Philosophy of Language,N.Y.:Cornell University Press,1973.

[3]Mikhail Bakhtin,Freudianism:A Marxist Critique,N.Y.:Cornell U niversity Press,1973.

[4]Jacques Derrida,Specters of Marx:The State of the Debt,the Work of Mourning and the New International,Peggy Kamuf,trans.,New York &London:Routledge,1994.

[5]Jacques Derrida,Positions,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1981.

[6]Terry Eagleton,Criticism and ideology:A Study in Marxist Literary Theory,London:North London Branch,1976.

[7]Terry Eagleton,Culture and the Death of God,New Haven:Yale University Press,2014.

[8]Terry Eagleton,Literary Theory:An Introduction,Minneapolis:The University of Minnesota Press,2008.

[9]Terry Eagleton,Marxism and Literary Criticism,Oakland:University of California Press,1976.

[10]Terry Eagleton,The Body as Language:Outline of A New Left Theology,London:Sheed &Ward,1970.

[11]Terry Eagleton,The Event of Literature,New Haven:Yale University Press,2012.

[12]Terry Eagleton,The Function of Criticism,London:NLB,1984.

[13]Terry Eagleton,The New Left Church,London:Sheed&Ward,1966.

[14]Terry Eagleton,The Ideology of the Aesthetic,Cambridge,MA:Basil Blackwell,1990a.

[15]Terry Eagleton,The Significance of Theory,Oxford:Basil Blackwell,1990b.

[16]Terry Eagleton,Why Marx Was Right,New Haven:Yale University Press,2012.

[17]Frederick Engels,The Origin of the Family,Private Property,and State,New York:International,1972.

[18]Michel Foucault,Madness and Civilization:A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason,Trans.Richard Howard,New York:Vintage Random,1973.

[19]Michel Foucault,The Order of Things:an Archaeology of Human Sciences,New York:Random House,1970.

[20]Michel Foucault,Power/Knowledge:Selected Interviews and other Essays,New York:Pantheon,1980.

[21]James Fulcher,Capitalism:A Very Short Introduction,Oxford:Oxford UP,2004.

[22]Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri,Commonwealth,New York:Harvard University Press,2009.

[23]Michael,Hardt and Antonio Negri,Empire,New York:Harvard University Press,2000.

[24]Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri,Multitude:War and Democracy in the Age of Empire,New York:Penguin Press,2004.

[25]Leslie Holmes,Communism:A Very Short Introduction,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2009.

[26]Fredric Jameson,Archaeologies of the Future:The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions,London:Verso,2007.

[27]Fredric Jameson,Marxism and Form:Twentieth Century Dialectical Theories of Literature,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1971.

[28]Fredric Jameson,Late Marxism:Adorno or The Persistence of the Dialectic,London &New York:Verso,1990.

[29]Fredric Jameson,The Political Unconscious:Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act,Ithaca,N.Y.:Cornell University Press,1981.

[30]Fredric Jameson,Postmodernism,or,the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism,Durham,NC:Duke University Press,1991.

[31]Fredric Jameson,Representing'Capital':A Reading of Volume One,London &New York:Verso,2011.

[32]Fredric Jameson,The Prison-House of Language,Princeton:Princeton UP,1972.

[33]Fredric Jameson,The Ancients and the Postmoderns:On the Historicity of Forms,London &New York:Verso,201.

[34]Fredric Jameson,The Antinomies of Realism,London &New York:Verso,2013.

[35]Fredric Jameson,The Ideologies of Theory.Essays 1971–1986.Vol.1:Situations of Theory,Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press,1988.

[36]Fredric Jameson,Valences of the Dialectic,London:Verso,2009.

[37]Naomi Klein,The Shock Doctrine:The Rise of Disaster Capitalism,New York:Picador,2008.

[38]Vincent Leitch,Literary Criticism in the 21st Century:Theory Renaissance,New York:Bloomsbury Academic Publishing,2014.

[39]Vincent Leitch,The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism,2ed.,New York:WW.Norton &Co.,2010.

[40]V.I.Lenin,Essential Works of Lenin:“What Is to Be Done?”and Other Writings,London:Dover,1987.

[41]Georg Lukacs,History and Class Consciousness,trans.Rodney Livingstone.Cambridge:MIT Press,1971.

[42]Georg Lukacs,Studies in European Realism,trans.Edith Bone.London:Hillway,1950.

[43]Herbert Marcuse,One-Dimensional Man:Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society,Boston:Beacon Press,1991.

[44]Karl Marx,Capital,trans.David Fernbach,vol.3.New York:Vintage Books,1981.

[45]Karl Marx,“The German Ideology”,Marx and Engels:Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy,ed.,Lewis S.Feuer.Garden City,New York:Anchor,1959.

[46]Karl Marx,On Revolution,ed.,Saul K.Padover.New York:McGraw-Hill,1971.

[47]Karl Marx,“Debating the Freedom of the Press”,Marx &Engels on Literature &Art,ed.,Stefan Morowski and L.Baxandall.St.Louis:Telos,1973.

[48]Karl Marx,Grundrisse,Harmondsworth:Penguin Classics,1973.

[49]Karl Marx,“Karl Marx on Education”,Women,and Children,ed.,Saul K.Padover.New York:McGraw-Hill,1975.

[50]Karl Marx,“Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts”,Karl Marx:Early Writings,Introd.Lucio Colletti.Harmondsworth,1975.

[51]Karl Marx,Capital:A Critique of Political Economy,3 vols.Trans.,Ben Fowkes.New York:Penguin,1990.

[52]Karl Marx and Frederick Engels,Collected Works,Vol.50 Letters（Oct.1892—1895）.New York:International,2004.

[53]Miller,Sally M.ed.Race,Ethnicity,and Gender in Early Twentiethcentury American Socialism,New York:Garland,1996.

[54]Harry Morrison,The Socialism of Bernard Shaw,Jefferson,North Carolina:McFarland,1989.

[55]Michael Neuman,Socialism:A Very Short Introduction,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2005.

[56]Peter Singer,Marx:A Very Short Introduction,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2010

[57]Tower Lyman Sargent,Utopianism:A Very Short Introduction,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2010.

[58]Manfred B.Steger,Globalization:A Very Short Introduction,3ed,Oxford:Oxford UP,2003.

[59]Raymond Williams,Marxism and Literature,Oxford:Oxford University Press,1977.

[60]Raymond Williams,Modern Tragedy,London:Chatto and Windus,1966.

英文著作和期刊文献

[1]Daniel Aaron,Writers on the Left:Episodes in American Literary Communism,New York:Harcourt,Brace &World,1961.

[2]Knife Abraham,From Race to Class:Links and Parallels in African and Black American Protest Expression,London:Grassroots Publisher,1982.

[3]Hazard Adams andSearle Leroy,Critical Theory Since Plato,San Diego:Harcourt,1992.

[4]Louis Althusser,Lenin and Philosophy,trans.Ben Brewster.New York:Monthly Review Press,1971.

[5]Louis Althusser,For Marx,Trans.Ben Brewster.London:Allen Lane The Penguin Press,1983.1986.

[6]Ted Allan,This Time a Better Earth,New York:Morrow,1939.

[7]Gustav Amann,The Legacy of Sun Yat-sen:A History of Chinese Revolution,trans.F.P.Grove.Reprint.Whitefish,MT:Kessinger Publishing,LLC.,2010.

[8]Jennifer Anderson,Propaganda and Persuasion in the Cold War:the Canadian Soviet Freindship Society,1949-1960,Ottawa:Carleton University,2008.

[9]Erich Auerbach,Mimesis:the Representation of Reality in Western Literature,trans.W.R.Trask.Princeton:Princeton UP,1968.

[10]I.Avakumovic,Socialism in Canada,Toronto:M.&S.,1978.

[11]Bill Ashcroft and Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin,The Empire Writes Back:Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures,London:Routledge,1989.

[12]Kathleen R.Arnold,Homelessness,Citizenship,and Identity:The Uncanniness of Late Modernity,Albany:State U of New York P,2004.

[13]David Arnason,,Right Hand Left Hand,Erin,Ont.:Press Porcepic Ltd.,1977.

[14]David Arnason and Dorothy Livesay,“The Rise of Modernism in Canada”,A Public and Private Voice:Essays on the Life and Work of Dorothy Livesay,eds.,Lindsay Dorney et al.Waterloo:University of Waterloo Press,1986.

[15]H.Arvon,Marxist Aesthetics,trans.Helen R.Lane.Ithaca:Cornell University,1973.

[16]Giovanni Arrighi,The Long Twentieth Century:Money,Power,and the Origins of Our Times,London:Verso,1994.

[17]Margaret Atwood,Survival:A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature,Toronto:House of Anansi Press,2012.

[18]Margaret Atwood,“The Writer's Responsibility”,The Broadview Reader,ed.,H.Rosengarten&J.Flick.Peterborough,Canada:Broadview,1987.

[19]Margaret Atwood,Foreword inAmbivalence:Studies in Canadian Literature,eds.,Om.P.Juneja and Chandra Mohan.New Delhi:Allied Publishers,1990.

[20]Margaret Atwood,Blind Assassin,Toronto:McClelland &Stewart,2000.

[21]Margaret Atwood,The Curse of Eve.Women on Women,Toronto:York UP,1978.

[22]Margaret Atwood,Canadian Monsters.Second Words:Selected Critical Prose,Toronto:Anansi,1982.

[23]Margaret Atwood,Surfacing,Toronto:McClelland&Stewart,1972.

[24]Margaret Atwood,The Handmaid' s Tale,New York:Vintage Limited Edition,2005.

[25]Margaret Atwood,Year of the Flood,London:Harvill Press,1998.

[26]Margaret Atwood,Oryx and Crake,New York:Anchor;Reprint,2004.

[27]Margaret Atwood,The Penelopiad,London:Faber &Faber Limit,2007.

[28]Ivan Avakumovic,Socialism in Canada:A Study of the CCF-NDP in Federal and Provincial Politics,Toronto:McClelland and Stewart,1978.

[29]Ivan Avakumovic,The Communist Party in Canada:A History,Toronto:McClelland and Stewart,1975.

[30]Irene Baird,Waste Heritage,Toronto:Macmillan,1974.

[31]Lee Baxandall and Stefan Morawski,eds.,Marx and Engels on Literature and Art.St.Louis,Missouri:Telos,1973.

[32]Walter Benjamin,Charles Baudelaire:A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism,trans.Harry Zohn.London:New Left Books,1973.

[33]Tony Bennett,“Marxism and Popular Fiction”,Popular Fictions:Essays in Literature and History.ed.,Peter Humm,Paul Stigant,and Peter Widdowson.London:Methuen,1986.

[34]Jody Berland and Shelley Hornstein,Capital Culture,Montreal:McGill-Queen's UP,2000.

[35]Carl Berger,The Sense of Power:Studies in the Ideas of Canadian Imperialism,Toronto:U.of Toronto P,1970.

[36]J.M.Bernstein,The Philosophy of the Novel:Lukacs,Marxism and the Dialectic of Form,Brighton,England:Harvester,1984.

[37]Lita-Rose Betcherman,The Little Band:The Clashes between the Communists and the Political and Legal Establishments in Canada,Ottawa:Deneau,1982.

[38]Earle Birney,Perspectives on Earle Birney,Downsview,Ont.:ECW,1981.

[39]Earle Birney,Down the Long Table,Toronto:McClelland and Stewart,1955.

[40]Earle Birney,Spreading Time:Remarks on Canadian Writing and Writers,1904-1949,Montreal:Vehicule,1989.

[41]George Bisztray,Marxist Models of Literary Realism,New York:Columbia UP,1978.

[42]Dennis Bock,The Communist Daughter:a Novel,Toronto:Harper Collins Publishers Ltd.2006.

[43]Bois Du,“Socialism and Negro Problem”,New Review,1913.

[44]Christian Bok,“The Secular Opiate:Marxism as an Ersatz Religion in Three Canadian Texts”,Canadian Literature,1999.

[45]Morley Callaghan,More Joy in Heaven,New Canadian Library.Toronto:McClelland and Stewart,1960.

[46]Morley Callaghan,Such Is My Beloved,New Canadian Library,Toronto:McClelland and Stewart,1989.

[47]Morley Callaghan,They Shall Inherit the Earth,Toronto:McClelland and Stewart,[1935],1969.

[48]Paul Cappon,In Our Own House:Social Perspectives on Canadian Literature,Toronto:McClelland and Stewart,1978.

[49]JanetGalligani Casey,eds.,The Novel and the American Left:Critical Essays on Depression-Era Fiction,Iowa City:University of Iowa,2004.

[50]Dyson Carter and Carter Charlotte,We Saw Socialism,Toronto:Canadian-Soviet Friendship Society,1951.

[51]Dyson Carter,Fatherless Sons,Toronto:Progress Books,1995.

[52]Dyson Carter,Land Without Capitalists,Toronto:Progress,1949.

[53]Zhongming Chen,The Politics of Fiction:Social Realism in EnglishCanadian Novels,1920-55,University of Calgary,1989.

[54]Daixi Cheng,Marxism and Realism in Aesthetics,Shanghai:Shanghai Literature and Art Press,1983.

[55]G.D.H.Cole,What Marx Really Meant,New York:Alfred A.Knopf,1934.

[56]Brandon Conron,Morley Callaghan,New York:Twayne,1966.

[57]C David raig,The Real Foundations:Literature and Social Change,London:Chatto,1973.

[58]Andy Croft and Adrian Mitchell,eds.,Red Sky at Night:an Anthology of Socialist Poetry,Nottingham:Five Leaves Publications,2003.

[59]Jonathan Culler,Literary Theory:A Very Short Introduction,2ed.,New York:Oxford University Press,2011.

[60]N.Brian Davis,The Poetry of the Canadian People,1900-1950,Vol.2,Toronto:NC,1978.

[61]Tracy C.Davis,George Bernard Shaw and the Socialist Theatre,Westport,Connecticut:Praeger,1994.

[62]Pat Donnelly,Writing from Experience:Hage's New Novel Not Just Another Taxi Story,The Gazette（September 2012）.http://www.montrealgazette.com/.

[63]James Doyle,Progressive Heritage:The Evolution of a Politically Radical Literary Tradition in Canada,Waterloo,ON:Wilfrid Laurier UP,2002.

[64]Doskow Minna,ed.,Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Utopian Novels,Fairleigh Dickinson University Press,1999.

[65]Draper Hal,“The Two Souls of Socialism”,International Socialists,New Politics 5,no.1,Winter 1966,Chapter8.

[66]Douglas Durkin,The Magpie,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1974.

[67]RobinEndres,“Marxist Literary Criticism and English Canadian Literature”,In Our Own House:Social Perspectives on Canadian Literature.ed.,Paul Cappon.Toronto:McClelland and Stewart,1978.

[68]Margaret Fairley,Spirit of Canandian Democracy:A Collection of Canadian Writings from the Beginnings to the Present Day,Toronto:Progress,1945.

[69]Doug Fetherling,Hugh Garner,Toronto:Forum,1972.

[70]AlanFilewod,ed.,Eight Men Speak:A Play by Oscar Ryan et al,Ottawa:University of Ottawa Press,2013.

[71]Barbara Foley,Radical Representations:Politics and Form in U.S.Proletarian Fiction,1929-1941,Durham,NC:Duke University Press,1993.

[72]Northrop Frye,Conclusion inLiterary History of Canada:Canadian Literature in English.ed.,Carl F.Klinck.Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1965.

[73]Mavis Gallant,What Is To Be Done?,Montreal:Quadrant,1983.

[74]Hugh Garner,Cabbagetown,1968.Toronto:Simon and Shuster,1973.

[75]Gary Geddes,15 Canadian Poets X 2,Toronto:Toronto University Press,1990.

[76]Vincent Geoghegan,Utopianism and Marxism,London:Methuen,1987.

[77]Graeme Gibson,Eleven Canadian Novelists,Toronto:Anansi,1973.

[78]Philip Goldstein,The Politics of Literary Theory:An Introduction to Marxist Criticism,Tallahassee:The Florida State UP,1900.

[79]Philip Goldstein,Post-Marxist Theory:An Introduction,Albany:State University of New York Press,2005.

[80]Rosalyn Gregory and Benjamin Kohlmann,Utopina Spaces of Modernism:British Literature and Culture,1885-1945,New York:Palgrave,2012.

[81]Frederick Philip Grove,Settlers of the Marsh,Toronto:M.&S.Ltd.,1965.

[82]Frederick Philip Grove,The Master of the Mill,Toronto:McClelland and Stewart Ltd.,[1944]1965.

[83]Frederick Philip Grove,A Search for America,Ottawa:Graphic,1927.

[84]Frederick Philip Grove,In Search of Myself,Toronto:Macmillan,1946.

[85]Frederick Philip Grove,It Needs to Be Said,Ottawa:Tecumseh,1982.

[86]Charnie Guettel,Marxism and Feminism,Toronto:The Women's Press,1974.

[87]Rawi Hage,Carnival,Toronto:House of Anansi Press Inc.,2012.

[88]Moyra Haslett,Marxist Literary and Cultural Theories,New York:St.Martin' s,2000.

[89]Jeremy Hawthorn,The British Working-Class Novel in the Twentieth Century,London:Edward Arnold,1984.

[90]Alena Heitlinger,Women and State Socialism,Montreal:McGill Queen's UP,1979.

[91]Colin Hill,Modern Realism in English-Canadian Fiction,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,2011.

[92]Granville Hicks,et al,eds.,Proletarian Literature in the United States:An Anthology,New York:International,1935.

[93]Sidney Hook,Towards the Understanding of Karl Marx:A Revolutionary Interpretation,London:Victor Gollancz Ltd.,1933.

[94]Sidney Hook,From Hegel to Marx:Studies in the Intellectual Development of Karl Marx,New York:The Humanities Press,1958.

[95]Michiel Horn,The League for Social Reconstruction:Intellectual Origins of the Democratic Left in Canada,1930-1942,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1980.

[96 ]Stephen Ingle,Narratives of British Socialism,New York:Palgrave,2002.

[97]Stephen Ingle,Socialist Thought in Imaginative Literature,London:The Macmillan Press Ltd.,1979.

[98]Stephen Ingle,The Social and Political Thought of George Orwell,London:Routledge,2006.

[99]Angela J.C.Ingram and Daphne Patai.eds.,Rediscovering forgotten radicals:British women writers,1889-1939,Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,1993.

[100]Dean Irvine,ed.,The Canadian Modernists Meet,Ottawa:University of Ottawa,2006.

[101]Dean Irvine,Editing Modernity:Women and Little-Magazine Cultures in Canada,1916-1956,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,2008.

[102]Peter Jaeger,“Reception,Difference,and the Documentary-Collage”,Canadian Poetry.Vol.135.

[103]Fredric Jameson,“Then You Are Them”,London Book Review.Vol.31,No.17（10）,September 2009.

[104]Zhongming Chen,“Theorizing about Postmodern Modes of Representation and Ideology in the Postmodern Age:the Practice of Margaret Atwood and Li Ang”,Canadian Review of Comparative Literature,Vol.21.3（Sept.1994）.

[105]D.Juraga and M.K.Booker,eds.,“Socialist Cultures-East and West:A Post-Cold War Assessment”,Westport,CT:Praeger,2002.

[106]Julia Kristeva,About Chinese Women,trans.Anita Barrows.New York:Urizen Books,1977.

[107]Larissa Lai,“Reciprocal Being:Living,Thinking and Writing in Social Space”,Poetry Is Dead,No.4 Summer-Autumn,2011.

[108]Richard Lane,ed.,Global Literary Theory:An Anthology,New York:Routledge,2013.

[109]M.Laurence,“Ivory Tower or Grassroots?The Novelist as Socio-Political Being”,Canadian Novelists and the Novel.ed.,Douglas Daymond and Les lie Monkmon,Ottawa:Borealis,1981.

[110]Margaret Laurence,The Diviners,Toronto:McClelland &Stewart,1974.

[111]V.I.Lenin,Imperialism:the Highest Stage of Capitalism,New York:International,1939.

[112]Ruth Livesey,Socialism,Sex,and the Culture of Aestheticism in Britain,1880-1914,Oxford:Oxford UP,2007.

[113]Dorothy Livesay,“The Documentary Poem:A Canadian Genre”,Contexts of Canadian Criticism.ed.,Eli Mandel.Chicago:U of Chicago Press,1971.

[114]Dorothy Livesay,The Documentaries,Toronto:Ryerson UP,1968.

[115]Dorothy Livesay,Right Hand Left Hand:A True Life of the Thirties:Paris,Toronto,Montreal,the West and Vancouver.Love,Politics,the Depression and Feminism,Erin,ON:Porcepic,1977.

[116]Dorothy Livesay,“Proletarianitis in Canada”,New Frontier,1936.

[117]Dorothy Livesay,“For a Young Communist”,Young Worker,6 July 1935:5.

[118]Dorothy Livesay,“Song and Dance”,Canadian Literature.No.41 Summer,1969.

[119]Georg Lukacs,Studies in European Realism,London:Hillway Publishing Co.,1950.

[120]Georg Lukacs,History and Class Consciousness,Trans.Rodney Livingstone.Cambridge:MIT P,1971.

[121]Catherine A.Mackinnon,“Feminism,Marxism,Method,and the State”,Contemporary Critical Theory.ed.,Dan Latimer.San Diego:Harcourt,1989.

[122]Hugh MacLennan,The Watch That Ends the Night,Toronto:Macmillan,1975.

[123]Hugh MacLennan,Two Solitudes,Toronto:Macmillan of Canada,1967.

[124]Herbert Marcuse,The Aesthetic Dimension:Towards a Critique of Marxist Aesthetics,trans.H.Marcuse and Erica Sherover.Boston:Beacon,1978.

[125]Dmitry Markov,Socialist Literatures:Problems of Development,Moscow:Raduga Publishers.

[126]Jody Mason,Writing Unemployment:Worklessness,Mobility,and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century Canadian Literatures,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,2013.

[127]Robin Mathews,Being Canadian in Dirty Imperial Times,Vancouver:Notthland Publications,2000.

[128]Robin Mathews and James Steele,eds.,The Struggle for Canadian Universities,Toronto:New Press,1969.

[129]Robin Mathews,Canadian Literature:Surrender or Revolution,Toronto:Steel Rail,1978.

[130]Robin Mathews,Canadian Identity:Major Forces Shaping the Life of a People,Ottawa:Steel Rail,1988.

[131]Robin Mathews,“Possession and Dispossession in Canadian Literature”,Crisis and Identity in the New Literatures in English Canada.ed.,Geoffrey Davis.Amsterdam:Rodopi,1990.

[132]Robin Mathews,“Waste Heritage:The Effect of Class on Literary Structure”,Studies in Canadian Literature.6.1,1981.

[133]Barbar Marsha,“An Interview with Dorothy Livesay”,Room of One's Own.Vol.5.No.1/2,1979.

[134]Kathlene McDonald,Feminism,the Left,and Postwar Literary Culture,Jackson:University Press of Mississippi,2012.

[135]Ian McKay,Reasoning Otherwise:Leftists and the People's Enlightenment in Canada,1890-1920,Toronto:Between the Lines,2008.

[136]Ian McKay,Rebels,Reds,Radicals:Rethinking Canada's Left History,Toronto:Between the Lines,2005.

[137]Ruth I.McKenzie,A Survey of the Proletarian Movement in Canadian Literature,Bachelor of Library Science thesis.U of Toronto,1938.

[138]L.McMullen,“Introduction”inAs For Me and My House by Sinclair Ross,Toronto:M.&S.Ltd.,1982.

[139]Julia L.Mickenberg,Learning from the Left:Children' s Literature,the Cold War,and Radical Politics in the United States,Oxford:Oxford UP,2006.

[140]A.Milner,ed.,Tenses of Imagination:Raymond Williams on Utopia,Dystopia and Science Fiction,Oxford and Bern:Peter Lang,2010.

[141]A.Ovcharenko,Socialist Realism and the Modern Literary Process,Moscow:Progress Publishers,1978.

[142]William H.New,ed.,A History of Canadian Literature,Montreal:McGill-Queen' s University Press,2003.

[143]Janice Newton,The Feminist Challenge to the Canadian Left:19001918,Kingston and Montreal:McGill-Queen's UP,2001.

[144]Cary Nelson,Revolutionary Memory:Recovering the Poetry of the American Left,New York:Routledge,2001.

[145]Michael Ondaatje,In the skin of a lion,Toronto:McClelland and Stewart,1987.

[146]Desmond Pacey,“The Writer and his Public（1920-1960）”,Literary History of Canada:Canadian Literature in English,ed.,Carl F.Klinck 2nd ed.,Vol.2,Toronto:U of Toronto P,1976b.

[147]George L.Parker,ed.,The Evolution of Canadian Literature in English:19141945,Toronto:Holt,1973.

[148]Jason H.Pearl,Utopian Geographies and the Early English Novel,Charlottesville &London:University of Virginia,2014.

[149]Norman Penner,The Canadian Left:A Critical Analysis,Scarborough,ON:Prentice-Hall,1977.

[150]Donald Pizer,Realism and Naturalism in Nineteenth-Century American Literature,Revised ed.,Carbondale:Southern Illinois UP,1984.

[151]John Porter,The Vertical Mosaic:An Analysis of Social Class and Power in Canada,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1965.

[152]Helen Potrebenko,Taxi!,Vancouver:New Star,1989.

[153]Paula Rabinowitz,Labour and Desire:Women's Revolutionary Fiction in Depression America,Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,1991.

[154]Paula Rabinowitz,They Must Be Represented:The Politics of Documentary,London:Verso,1994.

[155]P.E.Rider,“Introduction”in The Magpie,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1974.

[156]B.Waltert Rideout,The Radical Novel in the United States,190054:Some Interrelations of Literature and Society,New York:Columbia University Press,1992.

[157]Candida Rifkind,Comrades and Critics:Women,Literature,and the Left in 1930s Canada,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,2009.

[158]Rignall,H.John,Gustave Klaus and Valentine Cunningham,eds.,Ecology and the Liteature of the British Left:The Red and The Green,Surrey,England:Ashgate,2012.

[ 159 ]Regine Robin,Socialist Realism:An Impossible Aesthetic,Trans.Catherine Porter.Stanford:Stanford University Press,1992.

[160]HerbertRosengarten,Jane Flick and Peterborough,eds.,“People Without Hope Do Not Write Novels”,The Broadview Reader,3edition,1998,Ont.:Broadview.

[161]S.Ross,As For Me and My House,Toronto:M.&S.Ltd.,1957;1982.

[162]Oscar Ryan,et al.,Eight Men Speak:A Political Play in Six Acts,Toronto:Progressive Arts Clubs of Canada,2013.

[163]Toby Gordon Ryan,Stage Left:Canadian Theatre in the Thirties,Toronto:CTR Publications,1981.

[164]Edward W.Said,ed.,Literature and Society,Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins UP,1980.

[165]Joan Sangster,Dreams of Equality:Women on the Canadian Left,1920-1950,Canadian Social History Series.Toronto:McClelland and Stewart,1989.

[166]Lyman Tower Sargent,Utopianism:A Very Short Introduction,Oxford:Oxford UP,2010.

[167]Leonard Schapiro,1917:The Russian Revolution and the Origins of Present-day Communism,Harmondsworth:Penguin,1984.

[168]F.R.Scott,“Book Review:Day and Night”,First Statement,Vol.2,No.10,24.

[169]D.Shapiro,ed.,Social Realism:Art as a Weapon,New York:Frederick Unger,1973.

[170]Katy Shaw,Mining the Meaning:Cultural Representation of the 1984-5 UK Miners' Strike,Cambridge Scholars Publishing,2012.

[171]Benzion Shek,Social Realism in the French English Novel,Montreal:Harvest House,1977.

[172]Robert Shulman,The Power of Political Art:The 1930s Literary Left Reconsidered,Chapel Hill:U of North Carolina Press,2000.

[173]Upton Sinclair,The Jungle,Clare Virginia Eby,ed.,New York:Norton,2003.

[174]Gayatri Spivak,“Can the Subaltern Speak?”Marixism and the Interpretation of Culture,Carbondale:University of Illinois Press,1988a.

[175]Gayatri Spivak,In Other Worlds:Essays in Cultural Politics,New York:Routledge,1988b.

[176]Gayatri Spivak,“Feminism and Critical Theory”,Contemporary Critical Theory,Ed.,Dan Latimer.San Diego:Harcourt,1989.

[177]Gayatri Spivak,The Post-Colonial Critic,New York:Routledge,1990.

[178]James A.Steele,co-editor,The Struggle for Canadian Universities.Toronto:New Press,1969.

[179]James A.Steele,“The Literary Criticism of Margaret Atwood”,In Our Own House:Social Perspectives on Canadian Literature,Ed.,Paul Cappon.Toronto:McClelland and Stewart Ltd.,1978.

[180]James A.Steele,“Reconstructing Structuralism:The Theme-Text Model of Literary Language and F.R.Scott's‘Lakeshore'”,Future Indicative:Literary Theory and Canadian Literature,Ed.,John Moss.Ottawa:University of Ottawa Press,1987.

[181]James A.Steele,“Review of Guide to Marxist Literary Criticism”,English Studies in Canada,Vol.9,No.4,1983.

[182]Anders Stephanson,“Regarding Postmodernism——A Conversation with Fredric Jameson”,Postmodernism/Jameson/Critique.ed.,D.Kellner.Washington,D.C.:Maisonneuve Press,1989.

[183]Walter Stewart,Strike,Toronto:McClelland and Stewart,1977.

[184]Roderick Stewart,Bethune,Markham:General Publishing Co.,1975.

[185]Roderick Stewart,The Mind of Norman Bethune,Toronto:Fitzhenry and Whiteside,1977.

[186]Margaret Stobie,Frederick Philip Grove,New York:Twayne,1973.

[187]Paul Stuewe,Hugh Gamer and His Works,Toronto:ECW,1984.

[188]Paul Stuewe,The Storms Below:The Turbulent Life and Times of Hugh Garner,Toronto:James Lorimer,1988.

[189]Abram Tertz,On Socialist Realism,New York:Pantheon Books,1960.

[190]Hugh Thomas,The Spanish Civil War,London:Penguin,1965.

[191]LeeBriscoe Thompson,Dorothy Livesay,Boston:Twayne,1987.

[192]Leon Trotsky,Literature &Revolution,Ann Arbor,The University of Michigan P,1960.

[193]Sinclair Upton,The Jungle,Ed.,Clare Virginia Eby.New York:Norton,2003.

[194]Van Wienen,W.Mark,American socialist triptych:the literary-political work of Charlotte Perkins Gilman,Upton Sinclair and W.E.B.Du Bois,Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,2012.

[195]Bart Vautour,Writing Left:The Emergence of Modernism in English Canadian Literature,Dalhousie University,2011.

[196]Adolfo S.Vasquez,Art and Society:Essays in Marxist Aesthetics,trans.Maro Riofrancos.New York:Monthly Review P,1973.

[197]Alan M.Wald,American night the literary left in the era of the Cold War,Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina Press,2012.

[198]Alan M.Wald,Trinity of passion:the literary left and the antifascist crusade,Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,2007.

[199]Alan M.Wald,Exiles from a future time:the forging of the mid twentieth-century literary left,Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,2002.

[200]Alan M.Wald,Writing from the left:new essays on radical culture and politics,New York:Verso,1994.

[201]Alan M.Wald,Responsibility of intellectuals:selected essays on Marxist traditions in cultural commitment,Atlantic Highlands,N.J.:Humanities Press,1992.

[202]Alan M.Wald,New York intellectuals:the rise and decline of the anti-Stalinist left from the 1930s to the 1980s,Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,1987.

[203]Alan M.Wald,and T.James,Farrell:the revolutionary socialist years,New York:New York University Press,1978.

[204]Alan M.Wald,Exiles from a Future Time:The Forging of the MidTwentieth-Century Literary Left,Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina Press,2002.

[205]Alan M.Wald,Trinity of Passion:The Literary Left and the Antifascist Crusade,Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina Press,2007.

[206]Donald Watson,British Scocialist Theatre 1930-1970:Class,Politics and Dramatic Form,doctoral dissertation,Hull,U.K.:The University of Hull,1985.

[207]Mary Watson and Barber Eleanor,Study of Dyson Carter's Life and Works,Bachelor thesis.Ottawa:Carleton University,1974.

[208]Wei Li and John Z.Ming Chen,A Study of Canadian Social Realist Literature,Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University Press,2012.

[209]Peter Weinrich,Social Protest from the Left in Canada,1870-1970,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1982.

[210]Peter Weinrich,The Strangest Dream:Canadian Communists,the Spy Trials,and the Cold War,Montreal:Vehicule,1994.

[211]James Weinstein,Ambiguous Legacy:The Left in American Politics,New York:NewViewpoints,1974.

[212]Alan Whitehorn,Canadian Socialism:Essays on the CCF-NDP,Don Mills:Oxford UP,1992.

[213]Raymond Williams,Culture and Society,1780-1950.London:Chatto and Windus,1958.

[214]Raymond Williams,Marxism and Literature.Oxford,1977.

[215]Raymond Williams,“Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory”,Debating Texts,ed.,Rick Rylance.Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1987.

[216]Raymond Williams,“Utopia and Science Fiction”,Problems in Materialism and Culture,London:Verso,1980.

[217]Raymond Williams,“Working-class,Proletarian,Socialist:Problems in some Welsh Novels”,The Socialist Novel in Britain:Towards the Recovery of a Tradition.Ed.,H.Gustav Klaus.Brighton,Sussex:The Harvester,1982.

[218]Raymond Williams,George Orwell,Columbia University,1981.

[219]George Woodcock,ed.,The Canadian Novel in the Twentieth Century:Essays from Canadian Literature,Toronto:McClelland and Stewart,1975.

[220]Richard Wright and RobinEndres,eds.,Eight Men Speak and Other Plays from the Canadian Workers' Theatre,Toronto:New Hogtown Press,1976.

[221]Andrew C.Yerks,Twenty-century Americanism:Identity and Ideology in Depression-Era Leftish Fiction,New York:Routledge,2005.