图书
This book uses the method of descriptive analysis to conduct a preliminary study on the development and changes of the translation market in China (mainland) in the past 60 years (1949-2009). The entire translation market is divided into the translation market during the planned economy period (1949-1977), the translation market in the economic transition period (1978-1992) and the translation market in the market economy period (1993-2009). The general trend in the development of the Chinese translation market is that translation services move from planning to free competition. The translation market during the planned economy was a closed market. During this period, the translation market was not open to the society, and the state was the only translation service object; Individuals or organizations outside the country needed translation services at that time, and occasional requests for translation services were fulfilled by state-designated institutions. The translation market in the period of economic transition gradually transitioned from an undifferentiated market to a differentiated market, that is, the homogeneous public welfare translation market in the planned economy period gradually shifted to a heterogeneous market in which public welfare translation and commercial translation coexisted during the economic transition period. The key factor that caused the change in the nature of the market during this period was the emergence of translation companies that relied on society and served the whole society. The emergence of translation companies changed the state as the "patron" of all translators during the planned economy. The translation market in the period of market economy maintained the heterogeneous characteristics of the market during the period of economic transition, but the proportion of the public welfare translation market in the translation market during the market economy period gradually shrank, while the proportion of the commercial translation market segment continued to expand. Commercial translation has replaced public translation as the dominant service in the market. The shrinking market for public translation is not a decrease in the demand for government public translation services, on the contrary, the demand for this market segment is expanding rapidly. However, more and more government agencies tend to outsource translation services to translation companies, localization companies and freelance translators, rather than all full-time and part-time translators in their own units as in the planned economy period. Comparing the translation market in the period of planned economy, economic transformation and market economy, from the perspective of translation strategy, the overall shift from naturalization to alienation; From the perspective of translation service entities, the language translation department within the government and enterprises and institutions in the past has gradually evolved into the current situation where public translation agencies, translation companies, and localization companies coexist. From the perspective of the role of the law of value, public welfare translation greatly weakens the regulating effect of the law of value on market supply and demand and price, while commercial translation returns the role of the law of value on translation cost, price, profit, etc., and the market mechanism of translation services is gradually improved. From the perspective of translation service specifications, in the context of public welfare translation services, individual departments may have rules and regulations for translation work, but the entire industry has not established industry rules and regulations, and the development and growth of the commercial translation market has made translation service operators consciously unite to establish various norms and standards in the industry, and under the organization and leadership of industry associations and relevant national departments, issued national standards for translation services that have a guiding role for the entire industry; From the perspective of business process, in public welfare translation services, except for a few major translation projects (such as "Mao Shu" translation), there is generally no clear management and monitoring of translation business processes, and the translation work is completed by the translator alone or in a division of labor, while in commercial translation services, the business process is relatively strict, each link has a special person responsible, and the production of translation service products is similar to assembly line production. From the translator's point of view, the full-time and part-time translators in the planned economy period are all staff of state organs, government departments, state-owned and collective enterprises and institutions, all subject to the allocation and arrangement of the state, and the translation work is completed in intra-departmental, cross-departmental or multi-department cooperation; During the period of economic transition and market economy, more and more full-time and part-time translators who are not dependent on the state have begun to appear, they are either freelance translators employed by themselves, or full-time and part-time translators employed by private enterprises such as translation companies and localization companies, and are relatively independent or have greater autonomy in the economy. From the perspective of customers, the customers of public welfare translation services are more special, which is essentially reflected in the state and government, the will of customers is above the translator, and the relationship between the customer and the translator is an asymmetric and unbalanced relationship; In the context of commercial translation, customers are represented as individuals, enterprises, organizations or relevant government departments with translation service needs, and there is an equal contractual relationship between customers, translation companies and translators, and their economic relations are completely subject to the law of value. From the perspective of translators' attitudes and motives, translators in public welfare translation services do not pursue economic interests as their ultimate goal, but take serving the people and dedicating themselves to the revolutionary cause as their sacred mission. Translators in commercial translation services have the ultimate goal of pursuing financial gain. From the perspective of service content, translation services in the planned economy period were relatively single, mainly manifested in full-time and part-time translators providing interpretation and translation services to the state; During the market economy period, the content of translation services has undergone great changes, and traditional interpretation and translation services have developed into diversified language services. Localization services, translation tool development and production, language translation training, multilingual consulting services, etc. have become the new content of translation services. Translation services rose to become a language services industry. The transformation of China's translation market from closed to open is caused by the combined effect of national guidelines and policies, state intervention in translation work, changes in social and cultural norms and industry norms, changes in translators' motivations, and many internal and external factors such as informatization, globalization, and localization. From the perspective of the development trend of the translation market, the development of network information technology has made translation services more convenient and efficient, economic globalization and the growth of Internet content have increased the demand for translation services, and the scale of the translation market has continued to expand.(AI翻译)
中非双边法制合作:英文
Bilateral Legal Cooperation between China and Africa综合农协:中国“三农”改革突破口.2015年卷
Farmers Integrated Cooperative:A Breakthrough in China Rural Reform汉维多重定语语序对比研究
HANWRI DUOCHONG DINGYU YUXU DUIBI YANJIU英语世界的《水浒传》研究
The Translation and Study of Chinese Literature in the English-Speaking World古典今读.第3辑,《论语》英文篇
The form on new interpretation of classics:the English version of LUNYU
置顶