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中国内需变动影响出口的机制及政策应对:企业动态视角

Mechanisms and Policy Responses to Changes in China's Domestic Demand Affecting Exports: An Enterprise Dynamics Perspective

高凌云

企业管理 出口贸易 研究 中国

2018-03-01

978-7-5203-2118-1

260

15

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内容简介

内需变动如何影响出口?针对这一问题,缺乏从市场经济重要特征之一——企业动态视角的研究,而且,因为依据的出口决定方程源自简单设定,结论的可信度较弱。这导致,现有研究对“中国是否存在‘内需压力假说’”等重大现实问题的回答,欠缺科学的理论指导和来自微观层面的经验证据支撑。本项目在测度企业更替、成长对出口变动贡献的同时,通过放松边际成本不变假设,引入国内外市场之间的相互联系,对异质性贸易理论进行了拓展,为能系统分析内外需等变量的出口决定方程构建了严谨的理论体系。以此为基础,从企业和产业层次对中国的出口决定方程进行经验估计;进而,在控制其它变量的情况下,着重讨论内需变动通过要素约束、要素效率等机制,对来自不同形式企业动态的产值比重效应、出口比重效应、进入效应和退出效应的影响。最后,结合现有的政策体系,提出能“协调拓展内外需”、“加快形成消费、投资、出口协调拉动经济增长新局面”的针对性政策建议。

How do changes in domestic demand affect exports? There is a lack of research that addresses this question from the perspective of enterprise dynamics, one of the key features of a market economy, and the credibility of the conclusions is weak because the export-determining equations on which they are based are derived from a simple set-up. As a result, existing studies lack scientific theoretical guidance and empirical evidence at the micro level to answer important practical questions, such as ‘Is there a “domestic demand pressure hypothesis” in China’. While measuring the contribution of firm turnover and growth to export changes, this project expands the theory of heterogeneous trade by relaxing the assumption of constant marginal cost and introducing interconnections between domestic and foreign markets, and builds a rigorous theoretical system to systematically analyse the export determination equations of internal and external demand and other variables. On this basis, we empirically estimate China's export determination equation at the firm and industry levels; then, controlling for other variables, we focus on the impact of changes in domestic demand on the output weight effect, export weight effect, entry effect and exit effect from the dynamics of different forms of firms through the mechanisms of factor constraints and factor efficiency. Finally, in the light of the existing policy system, it puts forward targeted policy recommendations that can ‘coordinate the expansion of domestic and external demand’ and ‘accelerate the formation of a new situation in which economic growth is driven by the coordination of consumption, investment and exports’.


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