In the first 50 years of the 20th century, a fundamental social transformation took place in ancient China, that is, from traditional society to modern society. The dramatic changes in the decades of its landslide have left many historical mysteries for future generations. This book attempts to start from the relationship between cultural leadership, ideological mode and modern state construction, and provide a unique way of observing the profound reasons behind this major historical change in modern China. From 1911 to the Xinhai Revolution, especially after the May Fourth Movement, under the goal of national modernization of "building the country with the party", the modern political elite group with the Chinese Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China as the main body gradually realized the importance of cultural mobilization, ideological management and cultural control for achieving its own political goals in a traditional society like China, and successively established an independent cultural mobilization system. This cultural management system is combined with the national modernization path designed by different political elite groups to form a socialized cultural mobilization system in modern China, which is reflected internally as the ideological model of the political elite group, and externally as the national cultural management function system, that is, the national cultural system. This cultural system originated from the imitation of the Western Anglo-American decentralized cultural management model and the Soviet and Russian centralized model in the early days of the Republic of China government, and during the confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, out of the need to fight for cultural and ideological leadership, they all invariably moved towards centralization in order to pursue higher social mobilization efficiency. Many major events in modern China have had a direct or indirect impact on the formation and evolution of the national cultural system, the most important of which is the confrontation, cooperation and competition between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, as well as the wave of nationalism gradually accumulated since 1840 and the formation of the modern public cultural field. Cultural and ideological leadership implicit behind cultural institutions is a central concept in understanding the relationship between culture and ideology and political parties, nationalism and the public cultural sphere. The three subsystems of politics, economy and culture are themselves interrelated and synergistic system structures, and there is a highly integrated functional integration mechanism between the political structure, economic structure and cultural and ideological structure of modern China. Although the cultural policies and cultural systems designed by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party are influenced by Dr. Sun Yat-sen's idea of "taking Russia as a teacher", what really plays a decisive role is the fierce political competition and military confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and culture as a propaganda and public opinion resource is incorporated into the mobilization system of the elite group to society, forming a cultural mobilization system that is compatible with political and military competition, which makes China's cultural system always have the characteristics of a wartime mobilization system. Nationalism is the largest ideological resource in modern Chinese society, under the banner of saving survival and realizing national modernization, nationalism has given different political elite groups the political opportunity to design different paths to the modernization of the nation-state, giving different political elite groups a reliable path to rebuild their political legitimacy and ruling legitimacy, and designing cultural policies around the commanding heights of nationalist ideology has become the logical origin of relevant institutional arrangements for political elite groups. This also stipulates the path of the evolution of the national cultural system to a certain extent. The emergence of the field of public culture in modern times has reorganized the structure of social information production and information dissemination, and built a broad stage for political elite groups to disseminate their political ideas and national ideals. However, there is a natural defect in the field of public culture in China that lacks a mechanism for discussion and criticism, which allows the political elite to envelop the huge power of nationalist ideology and deeply enter the field of public culture, the social resources of the public sphere are divided and integrated into the category of political power, and the cultural and ideological resources released in the field of public culture are integrated with the party system, promoting the development of political parties in modern China into a powerful social leading force, and then organizing the seriously disorderly Chinese society. Finally, we will complete the goals and tasks of the Chinese nation in the past 100 years of saving its survival and building a modern country. AbstractFifty years before 20thcentury,the ancient Chinese landscape had a fundamental social transformation,namely developed from the traditional society into modern society. For the decades of earth-shaking changes,there are lots of“mystery of history”left to the later generations. This article attempts provides a unique way of observation,to side reflect the profound reason of the great change in modern history,from the perspective of cultural leadership,the relationship between ideological mode and the modern state construction. From 1911 to 1949,under the goal of“the party founds the state”,modern political elite group,with the Chinese Nationalist party and Chinese communist party centres,gradually realized that cultural mobilization,the control and management of ideology and culture were played great important roles in achieved their own political goals,for such a traditional society in China.And then they successively established independent cultural mobilization system. The cultural management system combined with the path of national modernization designed by political elite,to formed the socialize culture mobilization system of modern China,it was embodied the ideology of political elite model in inland,characterized by national culture management function system,in other words the cultural system of state. This culture system originated from the imitation of the culture management mode of western British and American government,and Soviet centralized mode in the early republic of China,due to strive for the need of cultural and ideological leadership in the fight of Nationalist and communist period,they developed centralized system invariably,for the pursuit of a higher efficiency of social mobilization. Many important events happened in modern China had a direct or indirect influence on the formation and evolution of the country＇s cultural system,but the cooperation and competition of Nationalist and Communist is epitomized,and the wave of nationalism and the formation of modern public cultural field gradually accumulated since 1840.The cultural and ideological hegemony which is hidden behind the culture system is the core conception of understanding culture ideology and the relationship between party,nationalism and public cultural service. The subsystem of polity,economy and culture itself is a kind of interconnected and collaborative system structure,and there is a structural integration system of polity,economy and culture in modern China.In spite of the cultural policy and system designed by Nationalist and Communist were affected by the ideas of“take Russia as the teacher”by Sun Yat-sen,the decisive action is the political and military confrontation between the two parties,and culture served as propaganda resources in the elite group' s social mobilization system,form the supporting cultural mobilization system of political and military competition which makes China＇s cultural system has been characterized with wartime mobilization. Nationalism was the largest ideological resources in modern Chinese,it gave the opportunity to different political elite to designed modernization of different countries and to rebuilt its political and ruling legitimacy under the banner of survival of the nation and the achievement of national modernization. The cultural policy design centred on the commanding height of nationalistic ideology became the elite' s logical origin of the relevant institutional arrangements,determined national cultural institutions evolution path to a certain extent. The public culture field appearing,recombined the structure of information production and dissemination and provided a wide stage for elite group to spread political ideas and national ideal. However,the public culture inherent defect that lack of critical and discussible mechanism made the elites gained the huge power of nationalistic ideology and involved in public culture deeply. The society resource of public culture into the realm of political authority after segmentation and integration. Cultural and ideological resources released from public culture were integrated with the political party system,turned into a strong power of leadership to promote the development of political party in modern China,afterwards by organized the serious disorder Chinese society,finally completed the objectives and missions for centuries-the survival of Chinese nation and the construction of the national modernization.（AI翻译）