Poverty alleviation is a world-class issue. As the most populous country in the world, China's poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation not only affects the lives and destinies of hundreds of millions of people, but also has global significance in its experience and lessons. Over the past 30 years and more, China has made remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation and poverty reduction, solving the problem of food and clothing for more than 200 million rural poor people. The Millennium Development Goal of halving poverty levels by 2015 proposed by the United Nations has been the first in the world to accomplish the task in China, which has a large population and a weak foundation. This has also brought useful lessons to the poverty alleviation efforts of countries around the world. According to the United Nations' 2015 Millennium Development Goals Report, the proportion of people living in extreme poverty in China dropped from 61% in 1990 to less than 30% in 2002, taking the lead in halving the proportion. In 2014, it fell to 4.2%, and China's contribution to global poverty reduction exceeded 70%. The Chinese Government's various decisions and outstanding achievements in alleviating rural poverty have been highly appreciated by the international community and have set an example for poverty alleviation in other countries. The success of China's poverty alleviation and development work is the result of a combination of factors and policy measures. First, the rapid economic development after the reform and opening up has laid a solid foundation for poverty alleviation and development. Second, build and strengthen poverty alleviation institutions, increase investment in poverty alleviation funds, and strengthen supervision. Ensure that poverty alleviation funds are effectively used and truly used for people in poor areas; Third, the state has implemented the overall urban and rural development strategy and the principles of "industry feeds agriculture, cities support rural areas" and "more to give less and let go", and adopted a series of policies and measures to benefit farmers, comprehensively promoting rural economic and social development, and benefiting the poor people a lot; Fourth, the state has continuously intensified its efforts to alleviate poverty through science and technology, committed to popularizing advanced agricultural science and technology, popularized agricultural scientific knowledge, and effectively changed the backward production mode in poor areas. On the whole, however, the poverty situation in our country remains grim. Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Henan, Sichuan and other provinces and autonomous regions all have more than 5 million poor people. Although the overall incidence of poverty has declined, the incidence of poverty in some provinces and autonomous regions is still above 15%. Most of the areas where the poor population are distributed are scattered, which is a huge challenge for the development and implementation of poverty alleviation work. In this context, targeted poverty alleviation has become the leading direction and development strategy of poverty alleviation in the new era. Targeted poverty alleviation is the opposite of extensive poverty alleviation, and its essence is to truly implement poverty alleviation policies and resources to poor people. Tourism poverty alleviation is an important part of industrial poverty alleviation and targeted poverty alleviation. Most of China's poverty-stricken areas are located in contiguous mountainous areas, with very high-quality tourism resources and ecological environment. Among the 832 state-designated poverty-stricken counties in China, there are 397 4A and 5A national scenic spots. So far, a number of poor villages have achieved poverty alleviation and prosperity through the development of rural tourism. In 2016, the State Council issued the "13th Five-Year Plan for Poverty Alleviation", which regarded tourism poverty alleviation as an important part of the development of characteristic industries to achieve targeted poverty alleviation, and emphasized the need to rely on the unique human resources of poverty-stricken areas to deeply implement rural tourism poverty alleviation projects. The National Tourism Administration and the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office jointly proposed that by 2020, about 12 million poor people should be lifted out of poverty by guiding and supporting the development of tourism in poverty-stricken areas, which represents the important industrial position of the tourism industry in the battle against poverty. As a new thing, there are still many uncertainties in tourism poverty alleviation. Due to the different positions of people and the angle of looking at the problem, it is often difficult to form a consensus, and in the process of promotion, there are inevitably many deviations. This has also become one of the main factors hindering the healthy development of tourism poverty alleviation. To this end, it is necessary to organize cross-industry and cross-field experts and scholars, as well as relevant government departments and tourism enterprises to participate in a comprehensive study of tourism poverty alleviation and development. By summarizing various cases, local development models and successful experiences at home and abroad, we will explore the law of tourism poverty alleviation and development in China. On this basis, a comprehensive evaluation system for tourism poverty alleviation is formed, and software and hardware evaluation are organically integrated to promote tourism poverty alleviation into a benign development track. This book is the first attempt to construct the China Tourism Poverty Alleviation Development Index, in the process, it has received strong support from the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office, China Poverty Alleviation and Development Service Co., Ltd., the Institute of Journalism and Communication of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Public Opinion Monitoring Office of People's Network, Xinhua Index and other institutions and relevant experts. Editor: April 2, 2017（AI翻译）