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In 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was a great historical turning point in China's economy and society, and since then, with the reform of the economic system and opening up to the outside world, profound changes have taken place in all fields and levels of Chinese society, with sustained and stable economic development, social stability and order, people's lives becoming increasingly prosperous, and tremendous development in all national undertakings. As one of the national basic system construction, China's social security system has also made tremendous progress in the past 30 years. On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of reform and opening up, reviewing the reform process of the social security system and summarizing the achievements and lessons learned in its reform and construction are of great theoretical and practical significance for further promoting the development of socialist social security with Chinese characteristics and accelerating social construction focusing on improving people's livelihood. There is a famous saying in the International Labour Organization: without social stability, there can be no social development; Without social security, there can be no social stability. This sentence fully explains the important role of the social security system in the overall social stability and development. The social security system is the basic social system of a country, a comprehensive project involving all levels of society and multiple fields, directly related to social stability and long-term peace and stability, and a "safety net" and "stabilizer" for social operation. As an institutional arrangement that takes the lifting of the national survival crisis and the protection of the basic livelihood of the people as its original responsibility, modern social security is undoubtedly an important content of improving the well-being of the people, promoting the construction of a harmonious socialist society, and promoting social fairness and justice, and has an irreplaceable role in other systems. Since the reform and opening up, China's social security undertakings have made great progress, the basic framework of social security systems has been established and continuously improved, the coverage of social security has been continuously expanded, the level of security has been continuously improved, the management and operation system of social security funds has been increasingly improved, and the positive role of social security in economic development has become increasingly prominent. China's social security reform is a revolutionary institutional reform carried out against the background of China's economic structural reform, economic and social restructuring and economic globalization. Before the reform and opening up, due to the specific historical needs and the special situation of domestic and foreign political and economic development in the sixties and seventies of the 20th century, China's social security system in this period emphasized the principle that the interests of individuals, units (collectives) and the state are completely consistent, forming a "unit guarantee" model with Chinese characteristics. Generally speaking, the traditional unit security system model has four characteristics: "state guarantee", "unit responsibility", "coexistence of lenient welfare and low income" and "social contradiction resolver". This guarantee model played a social safety net role in China's national economic recovery and reconstruction in the 50s of the 20th century, through the three-year difficult period caused by natural disasters in the 60s, and successfully completed the major economic restructuring in the 60s. However, it should also be noted that the traditional and "unitized" social security system also has many drawbacks, due to its narrow coverage, low level of treatment, and the lack of institutional model, China's traditional unit security system has not played a greater role in economic and social development. In the 80s of the 20th century, the implementation of the household joint production contract responsibility system broke the original form of economic organization in rural areas, and the family replaced the production team as an independent social production unit, and the security and welfare attached to the original collective economic basis were rapidly reduced, and the rural social security system declined or even became blank. Even with the representative rural cooperative medical system, the number of administrative villages implemented in the country plummeted from 90% of the country's administrative villages in the past to 5% in 1985. In 1989, only 4.8% of the country's administrative villages continued to implement the rural cooperative medical system, and by the early 90s, China's last remaining cooperative medical care was mainly distributed in Shanghai and southern Jiangsu. At the same time, in cities and towns, the reform of the urban economic structure marked by the reform of state-owned enterprises has advanced rapidly, bringing about profound changes in the social and economic structure. The diversification of economic components, the labor marketization and the emergence of new social classes have broken the original pattern of interests, significantly widened the income gap, and intensified the conflict of interests between different classes and groups. In this context, reforming the original social security mechanism, establishing a new social stability and coordination mechanism, and alleviating the impact of economic and social transformation have become strategic measures for the Chinese government to further promote reform and opening up. The landmark event at the beginning of the reform of China's social security system was the Constitution of the People's Republic of China adopted by the First Session of the Fifth National People's Congress on March 5, 1978, in which Articles 48, 49 and 50 reaffirmed the principles and provisions on the employment and welfare of workers, the right of workers to obtain material assistance in case of old age, illness or incapacity to work, as well as the families of disabled revolutionary servicemen and revolutionary martyrs, and at the same time, the Ministry of Civil Affairs was re-established. This marks the beginning of China's social security undertaking on the road of stable development. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China, adopted by the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress on 4 December 1982, stipulates: "Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the right to receive material assistance from the State and society in the event of old age, illness or incapacity for work. The State develops the social insurance, social assistance and health services necessary for citizens to enjoy these rights. "This law clarifies citizens' social security rights on a broader scale and is a milestone in the construction of China's social security system. On 14 March 2004, the Second Session of the Tenth National People's Congress adopted the Amendment to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China (Amendment), which clearly stated that the state should "establish and improve a social security system commensurate with the level of economic development". Looking at the reform of the social security system during the transition period, it can be roughly divided into three stages: "the construction of the security system supporting the reform of state-owned enterprises", "the parallel and transformation of unit security and social security", and "the development of social security norms". In the past 30 years, the reform of China's social security system has been deepened day by day, and unprecedented achievements have been achieved, which are mainly reflected in six major aspects: (1) the social security system has been de-united, and the system has been continuously improved and standardized; (2) Gradually standardize and unify the social security administrative management system; (3) Gradually standardize the management of the guarantee fund; (4) The subject of tax sharing has gradually changed; (5) The system design is more scientific and reasonable; (6) Institutional reform is advancing steadily. Of course, there are also deficiencies in the construction of the social security system during the transition period, and the reform of the social security system itself also has many problems such as institutional transformation and rationalization of the system, which are particularly prominent in the context of the current period of overall transformation of Chinese society. To summarize: (1) the new social security system is not perfect; (2) The process of legalization of social security needs to be strengthened; (3) uneven regional development of the social security system; (4) Inability to balance retirement and employment; (5) The social security fund has great pressure to preserve and increase its value. The constantly improving social security system is an important symbol of modern social civilization and a fundamental plan for social stability and long-term national peace and stability. The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the establishment of a relatively sound social security system in the first two decades of the 21st century, and the Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee further proposed to accelerate the construction of a social security system commensurate with the level of economic development. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China once again proposed to accelerate the promotion of social construction focusing on improving people's livelihood, and social construction, including the construction of social security system, as the key content of building a harmonious society, emphasizing "accelerating the establishment of a social security system covering urban and rural residents to ensure the basic livelihood of the people". It can be seen that now is the best period for China to accelerate the construction of the social security system. "Standing at thirty". The experience and lessons of the past 30 years are extremely valuable and worth cherishing, summarizing and pondering. Summarizing the social security reform over the past 30 years is not only the need to sum up historical lessons and lessons, but also the requirement to look forward to the future reform path. It is not only the foundation for promoting and improving people's livelihood, but also the key to national stability and rapid development. On this occasion, the Social Security Research Center of Wuhan University, a key research base for humanities and social sciences of the Ministry of Education, organized some experts and scholars in the field of social security in China to sort out and review the development of social security in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, analyze and evaluate the operation status of various specific existing systems, and design and plan the reform goals and paths of the social security system on the basis of summing up lessons learned, hoping to provide some theoretical basis and policy suggestions for the construction of China's future social security system. The writing ideas and framework of this book were formulated by Professor Deng Dasong, Liu Changping and Hu Hongwei were responsible for the chapter allocation and manuscript collection of the book, and Liu Changping and Chen Ying revised and unified the book. The division of labor in the writing of this book is as follows: Foreword, Deng Dasong; Chapters 1 and 8, Liu Changping; Chapter 2, Zheng Bingwen; Chapter III, Lu Guoying and Pan Changgang; Chapter 4, Luo Yuanwen; Chapter 5, Wang Yue and Mu Huaizhong; Chapter 6, Zhang Qilin; Chapter 7, Meng Yingying and Deng Yue; Chapters 9 and 17, Deng Dasong and Shi Jing; Chapters 10, 11, 15, Lin Yuming; Chapter 12, Zheng Chuanfeng; Chapter 13, Zeng Guoan; Chapter 14, Cheng Sihui; Chapter XVI, Uzhtu. Due to the author's level and time, omissions and improprieties in the book are inevitable, and experts and readers are welcome to criticize and enlighten.（AI翻译）
