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转型期中国劳动力市场演进问题研究:从分割到一体化

Research on the evolution of China’s labor market in transition-from segmentation to integration

陈瑛

劳动力市场 研究 中国

2015-12-01

978-7-5161-7440-1

178

6

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内容简介

本书建立在梳理历史、构建理论分析框架、寻求实证检验的思路上,总结了户掊制度与所有制制度作用下我国劳动力市场多重分割的特征,构建双边异质性搜寻匹配模型,模拟并证实了我国劳动力市场分割的存在性及其动态变化,进而采用调查数据实证分析并检验了我国劳动力市场的分割性及其演进变化。基于理论与实证分析,本书认为我国劳动力市场的演进特性表现为,以户籍制度及所有制制度的变化为主线,随市场化进程的推进,我国劳动力市场由改革开放前的几近完全分割,逐步演化为以户籍制度与所有制为基础的“双重二元”分割,以及其他多种因素共同作用的多重分割。这一分割特性因制度因素作用将长期存在,但劳动力市场分割的构成部分中有明显的消长变化趋势,预示着劳动力市场存在内生的一体化力量。打破劳动力资源在城乡、不同所有制部门及区域之间的流动障碍及配置不均等,建立一个统一的劳动力市场是统筹城乡、实现平等就业的必经之路。

The institution of rigid rural-urban segmentation system and economic planning system is the starting point of China's labor market. These two institutions are intertwined with market mechanism. The consequence is that the evolution of labor market is not only combines with the most active parts of economic planning system and marketing system,but also creates multiple segmentation of labor market. According to the evolution ofhukou registrations ystem and China's ownership system,in this paper the following questions will be discussed by literature studying,establishing theoretical framework and empirical testing:how the evolution of China's labor market from 1949 to 2011? What's the feature of China's labor market evolution? Whether the China's labor market has the trend which isfrom segmentation to integration? And what's the theoretical rationale of China's labor market evolution? In the future,does the China's labor market go to integration? This paper research these three questions follow the review history,establish theoretical framework,and search empirical test. Firstly,by studying the effect that the change of hukouregistration system and China's ownership have on the wage determination and labor force flowing,We find that the feature of China's labor market evolution is that under the impact of the market,the hukouregistration system and China's ownership,as the spindle of the evolution,have been changing from the status of almost complete segmentation to the multiple segmentation on the base of hukouregistration system and China's ownership system together with some other factors . Then,having mixed the view of classic economic,institution economic and development economic for the labor market segmentation,we divide the factors that influenced labor market into three types which is the endogenous,exogenous and induced factors on the base of a clear concept of labor market integration. Then this paper proposes a tentative analytical framework. Using this analytical framework,we suggest thatChina's labor market shows multiple-segmentation state after analyzing these three factors on the background of China.In addition,we also suggest that this multiple-segmentation state is superimposed by“double-dual”segments(which is formed by hukou registration system and China's ownership system),endogenous segments, spatial mismatch and peer effects. And the economic behavior of individuals and firms will change multiple segment states. Following the classical searching and matching model proposed by Mortensen and Pissarides (1994,1999) and Pissarides(2000),we establish a two-side heterogeneous matching model to model“ double-dual”segmentation state. The equilibrium of model shows that“double-dual”segmentation state results in multiple equilibrium existence. And there are two different wage determination mechanism and labor demand condition. Also,the equilibrium result has higher hire cost,employment cost,and labor force mobility cost. Dynamic analysis shows that the“double-dual”segmentation state has the trend of integration,but the higher labor mobility cost make“double-dual”segmentation state persistence in the long run. Finally,this paper use the datasets of CHIPS(2002)and CGSS(2006)to analysis China's labor market segmentation state and its change from the view of labor force mobility and wage level respectively. Using switching regression model,we find that China's“double-dual”segmentation state is exist and endogenous and even is the barrier of labor force mobility. We also find that the degree of barrier of labor force mobility is:1)urban laborIt's the key point that achieves equal employment between rural and urban areas to break the barrier of labor flow among rural-urban,China's ownership sector and regions and wage inequality. Therefore,to improve the integration of China's labor market,the above mentioned institution barriers have to be got rid of. Key words:Economic transition; China's labor market; segmentation; integration

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