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The gentry were the elite class in ancient Chinese society, they not only had a high social status and prestige, but also played an important role in many social affairs, especially local social affairs, that is, the so-called "officials cannot leave the gentry and make a difference". As a special class, the gentry not only coincided with the fine traditions and Confucian teachings of the gentry in terms of their cultivation, career choice, social ideals, and life pursuits, but also adapted to the social governance needs of the feudal rulers. Although the gentry classes in different periods and regions show obvious regional differences in terms of number, meritorious reputation, way of advancement, social contribution, cultural achievement, etc., they converge in these aspects, such as the ideal and practice of obtaining meritorious fame through hard study, the career choice of meritorious speech and social exchange, and the concern for local affairs, especially the conscious participation in hometown affairs. Therefore, as an important part of the gentry class, the gentry in Gansu in the Qing Dynasty also showed obvious regional characteristics. For example, the Gansu in the Qing Dynasty, which included the regional characteristics of Ganning and Qingxin, and the characteristics of the times with frequent social turmoil, were reflected in its people's study, scientific investigation, and advancement. It can be said that the gentry in Gansu in the Qing Dynasty not only had the commonality of being this class, but also had the characteristics of being located in the northwest society. First of all, Gansu's backward economic and educational development level has led to a relatively small number of gentry classes compared with rich areas such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the same period, but the diversity of ethnic components in Gansu also makes the ethnic composition of gentry groups show diverse characteristics. In addition, in terms of the way to obtain gentry status, the imperial examination is still the main way for Gansu students to obtain gentry status, but obtaining gentry status and official qualifications through military merit awards is not only an important way for Gansu gentry to obtain gentry status, but also a shortcut for upward mobility in the objective situation of continuous social turmoil in the northwest frontier. From the point of view of social duties, the gentry's tradition of worrying about the country and the people has enabled them not only to pay attention to social affairs, but also to play a practical leadership role in many local affairs.
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问道：改革开放以来的社会思潮与青年思想政治教育研究
Asking the Question: Research on Social Trend and Youth Ideological and Political Education since Reform and Opening-up -
中国近代工业化研究
Research on Modern Industrialization in China -
关辅世族文化习性与文学观念研究：以3—4世纪百年为中心
Study on the Cultural Habits and Literary Concepts of the Guanshu Clan: Centering on the 3rd-4th Century Centuries -
满洲瓜尔佳氏索尔果家族研究
A Study of the Solgo Family of the Manchu Gūwalgiya Clan -
中国柞蚕书十七种校注
The Collated and Annotated Study on Seventeen Chinese Tussah Works
