Zhao Yulin Zhao Yulin, researcher of Jilin Academy of Social Sciences, deputy director of the editorial board of Economic Magazine, standing director of Jilin Finance Society and Price Association, member of Jilin Social Science Research Series Senior Title Evaluation Committee, Jilin Provincial Social Science Foundation Project Discipline Group Review Expert, National Social Science Foundation Project Discipline Group Review Expert. Traditional or classical Marxist economics refers to the economic theory of the founder of Marxism, and the most representative model of economic theory is Marx's "Capital". The topic of the contemporaneity and sinicization of classical Marxist economics is not only of great significance, but also involves many theoretical issues such as the scope of economic theory, scientific principles, theoretical systems and even research methods. Professor Jia Houming's new work "On the Contemporaneity and Sinicization of Marxist Economics" can be said to be the phased result of his discussion on this issue, focusing on several important issues in a more systematic discussion and reflection. As far as I understand, in this work, the author mainly tries to answer the following questions: (1) the importance of studying the contemporaneity and sinicization of classical Marxist economics; (2) the basic path to realize the sinicization of classical Marxist economics; (3) how to realize the inheritance and innovation of major economic theories such as value, capital, ownership, and distribution; (4) how to view the relationship between socialism and market economy; (5) how to view the new changes in contemporary capitalism; (6) The basic method of sinicizing classical Marxist economics. I. Studying the Contemporaneity of Classical Marxist Economics and the Significance of Sinicization in Professor Jia Houming's work can be said to be a major topic of great concern to many scholars in the field of domestic economic theory. Why, then, should we study the contemporaneity and sinicization of Marxist economics? According to the author, this is determined by the historical epochal characteristics and critical characteristics of classical Marxist economics. As we all know, from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century, the industrial revolution of Western countries represented by Britain rose rapidly, making some countries enter the industrialization period, which not only promoted economic development, but also promoted the social and economic relations in the workshop handicraft period underwent tremendous changes, the working class gradually entered the historical stage, and the labor-capital contradiction gradually rose to the main contradiction between all social strata. Classical Marxist economics was born in this historical context. From the late 18th century to the middle and late 19th century, with the acceleration of industrialization in Western countries, the degree of exploitation and enslavement of the working class was gradually deepening, and in the process of promoting industrialization and accelerating economic development, how to understand and even change the living conditions of the working class at the bottom of society became a very important social problem faced in economic development at that time. This issue has not only aroused the attention and concern of people of insight in society, but also caused the thinking and exploration of many economic theorists, some scholars pay special attention to economic growth, and some scholars pay special attention to welfare improvement, thus forming different schools of economic theory and different economic thoughts, occupying the mainstream position is the economic thought of liberal capitalism. In order to expose the essence of the contradictions between labor and capital, criticize the capitalist system, and criticize the economic thought of liberal capitalism, Marx spent about 40 years to complete the masterpiece of economic theory "Capital" full of his life's work. Based on the materialist view of history, he discovered the general law that the emergence, development, decline and demise of any social and economic form have historical necessity, so he proved that the emergence and development of capitalist social and economic forms have both objective inevitability and historical temporality, not eternity. He revealed the nature of profit through the establishment of the scientific labor theory of value and the theory of surplus value, thus profoundly revealing the mystery of how the bourgeoisie uses capital to exploit the working class. The epoch-making milestone significance of classical Marxist economics in the history of economic theory marked by Capital has been widely recognized by scholars at home and abroad for more than a hundred years, so Marx has become the greatest thinker of the millennium. No single work of anyone can put an end to the truth, and even the most classic works of the greatest thinkers are only a stage in the process of mankind's search for truth. After all, Marx is the spokesman of the working class in the era of liberal capitalism, and the purpose of his research is only to reveal the sharp opposition between labor and capital, not to study how to solve the contradiction between labor and capital. He lived in an era when the market economy was not yet fully developed, so his theory could not answer the new problems encountered in the increasingly mature market economy development of the current era. Since China's reform and opening up, many new problems encountered in the process of developing the socialist market economy have also been difficult to find ready-made answers in Capital. As Professor Jia Houming said: "The core task of traditional Marxist economics is to criticize the capitalist system, and capitalism implements a market economy." To use the traditional Marxist economic theory that criticizes the market economy to guide China's market economy construction, traditional Marxist economic theory is difficult to undertake this task. It is precisely because classical Marxist economics has distinct characteristics of the historical era and critical characteristics that we should study the contemporaneity and sinicization of classical Marxist economics, inherit and develop classical Marxist economics, strive to build a new system of Marxist economic theory that meets the needs of contemporary China's modernization construction, serve the deepening of economic structural reform and opening wider to the outside world, and provide powerful theoretical guidance for improving the socialist market economic system." Provide strong theoretical support for promoting economic development and social progress. II. The Basic Path of Sinicization of Classical Marxist Economics For this issue, the author discusses the relationship between classical Marxist economics and general economic theory, Western economics, and Chinese practice. He believes that classical Marxist economics belongs to the special economic theory that describes economic relations in the era of liberal capitalism, and does not belong to the general economic theory. Therefore, he pointed out: "From the perspective of reality and theory, Marxian economics can only be said to be a school of modern economic theory, and it is difficult to become a basic theory." On the one hand, the degree of social acceptance of Marxist economics is limited, and only some people accept and apply Marxist economic theory to study social and economic issues; On the other hand, traditional Marxist economics has only been analyzed and discussed in some areas of economic theory, and has not formed a systematic theoretical system to guide economic activities. In addition, traditional Marxist economics mainly criticizes the capitalist economic system, and although it is meaningful to the institutional analysis of capitalism, it is difficult to achieve specific guidance for economic decision-making. "In fact, Marxist economics is not the paradigm of modern economics, it has not yet become mainstream economics, and the historical positioning and logic of Marxist economics also determine that it cannot become the paradigm of modern economics." Professor Jia Houming said: "The impetus for the development and innovation of Marxist economics comes not only from the practice of China's socialist market economy, but also from the confrontation and collision of various ideas and theories. "The criticism of Western economics by Marxist economics does not mean completely denying and replacing Western economics. In the specific micro field, Marxist economics cannot and does not need to create a new system of concepts and theories completely different from Western economics. The research done by Western economics in the micro field predates Marxist economics, and the content of the summary is more comprehensive than that of Marxist economics, and it is not possible to create a different set of theories to replace them because these conclusions are made by Western economics. The author emphatically pointed out: "The reason why Marxist economics needs to be sinicized is because the practice of China's socialist market economy has put forward many new topics, and traditional Marxist economics cannot solve these new topics, which requires innovative Marxist economics, which will inevitably make Marxist economics Chinese." "We must not only dig into Marx's market economy thought, but also scientifically treat the contents of Marx's economic thought that contradict modern economic development, and scientifically understand and apply these ideas from the perspective of historical materialism." The traditional Marxist economic theory should be transformed from the perspective of the unified need for the two aspects of criticism of capitalism and socialist construction, overcome the contradictions in the Marxist economic system, reconstruct the new framework of the Marxist economic system, and embody the theoretical value of the Sinicization of Marxist economics. It is not difficult to see that in the author's view, only by proceeding from China's national conditions, inheriting and developing the theoretical achievements of classical Marxist economics, and borrowing and absorbing the scientific components of the Western economic theoretical system, can we build a Marxist economic theoretical system in contemporary China, so as to realize the sinicization of classical Marxist economics. 3. How to realize the inheritance and innovation of major economic theories such as value, capital, ownership, and distribution. The author systematically sorts out and comments on the debates of different views on value theory at home and abroad, and puts forward some questions and research directions worth thinking about for deepening the research in this regard. In the author's view, the reason why the debate on value theory is protracted and difficult to reach a consensus is mainly because we have given value theory tasks that should not be undertaken, and our expectations of value theory are too high. The labor theory of value emphasizes that labor is the only factor that creates value, so the participation of other factors of production in distribution is the exploitation of the value created by labor, which is unreasonable. The labor theory of value provides objective standards and fundamental value judgments for the rationality of social distribution relations. Whether it is the theory of utility value, the theory of production cost of value, or the theory of value of production factors, it emphasizes that various factors of production create value together because they jointly create wealth, so it is reasonable for various factors of production to participate in the distribution of wealth. Strictly speaking, the value theory of Western economics says that value is actually utility, as long as it is useful to people (goods), there is value, that is, wealth. They also have a strict distinction between use value and value, or their concept of value is more similar to Marx's concept of use value. The value created by labor cannot be compared because of the difference in the quality of labor, so the amount of value embodied in commodities cannot be directly quantified. In the same way, the qualitative difference in the use value of various items cannot be compared, and therefore the value of utility cannot be measured. Attempts to quantify and compare different use values and values directly are futile and pointless. Because the actual commodity exchange and income distribution are realized in the form of prices, the actual distribution is the distribution of wealth, not the distribution of value, but the distribution of prices, and value is only a factor that plays a deeper role behind it, and cannot directly link the theory of value with the distribution policy. It is enough to be clear that two different theories of value only provide two fundamentally different value judgments for the distribution of social wealth, and cannot give value theory more mission. About the theory of capital. Through a comprehensive combing and analysis of capital theory, the author puts forward his own insights on the basis of digging deep into the existing theoretical achievements. It is believed that capital plays an important role in organizing production, optimizing resource allocation, optimizing labor combination, saving costs and expenses, and promoting technological innovation, and discusses the inevitability and rationality of capital in the market economy through the analysis of the general nature of capital. This raises a very important question, capital is not a special economic relationship in capitalist society, it is not just "from head to toe, every pore dripping with blood and dirt" Marx: Capital, vol. 1, People's Publishing House, 2004, p. 871. Discussing the general attributes of capital has very important theoretical and applied value for the development of socialist market economy, and expands new horizons for deepening the study of capital theory. About the theory of ownership. The author not only clarifies the ins and outs of the relevant controversy, but also grasps the key point of the controversy, emphasizing that the efficiency of public ownership must be understood historically, comprehensively and dialectically, "historical value cannot be confused with actual value", "institutional factors cannot be confused with one's own operation", "public domain cannot be confused with competition field", "theoretical efficiency cannot be confused with practical efficiency", thus further clarifying ideas for deepening the understanding of public ownership. As for the practical inevitability and rationality of the existence of private capital and the introduction of foreign capital, the author also explains from the perspective of the general attributes of the market economy: "If socialism is not positioned as a pure planned economy, not as a complete public economy, but as an economic model with the market as the allocation of resources, then private capital and foreign capital not only have space for existence, but also have the necessity of existence." The market is to compete with different subjects in order to exert efficiency, discover value and ultimately achieve effective allocation of resources. The existence of private capital not only solves the problem of capital scarcity in economic development, but also provides competitive subjects and competition models, prompts various subjects to allocate resources market-oriented, promotes the improvement of social efficiency and the rational use of resources, and makes the economy of the whole society develop faster. "This kind of research perspective and analysis conclusion, which transcends the shackles of some ideological shackles that have been solidified, makes people feel that it can better highlight the taste of scholarship and the style of scholars." On distributive theory. As the author analyzes, the theory of value is the ideological basis of distributive theory. According to Marx's labor theory of value, since labor is the only factor that creates value, then social wealth can only be rationalized by the distribution according to work. According to the utility theory of value of Western economics, since social wealth is jointly created by production factors such as land, capital, labor, and technology, it is reasonable for these factors to participate in the distribution. Due to people's different positions, if you stand in the perspective of workers, you will emphasize the rationality of distribution according to work; If we stand in the perspective of investors or owners of production factors, they will emphasize the rationality of distribution according to production factors, so because these two distribution theories contain fundamentally different value judgments, it is impossible to form a unified ideological understanding in the academic circles and even the whole society. The actual wealth distribution relationship is the distribution according to the spontaneous price of the factors of production. Under the conditions of market economy, the scale of social production depends on the scale of money capital, the scale of social production and reproduction expands or shrinks with the increase or decrease of the scale of money capital, the wage level rises or falls with the increase or decrease of the scale of investment, and capital determines production and distribution. The intrinsic operating mechanism of the market economy determines that capital occupies a dominant position in production and distribution, plays a leading role, resulting in the continuous accumulation of social wealth in the hands of investors, while the wealth owned by workers gradually decreases relatively, and finally forms a polarized distribution pattern. Many scholars in the West also do not believe that this distribution result is reasonable. However, because they do not recognize the scientific nature of the labor theory of value in theory, but rely on the utility theory of value, emphasizing the rationality of distribution according to production factors, in essence, they indirectly affirm the rationality of capital dominating the distribution relationship in the market economy. Whether it is a socialist country or a capitalist country, as long as it is a country that implements a market economy, it is facing the problem of unfair income distribution and even polarization, and it is impossible not to regulate national income through various systems and policy means. Based on the economic principle that production determines distribution, the author clarifies that if the cake is not enlarged and the adjustment of wealth increment is not possible, it is impossible to improve the distribution structure, so we must adhere to the principle of efficiency first, and under the premise of continuously expanding the cake, adjust and improve the distribution pattern of social wealth in a timely manner, and gradually narrow the gap in income distribution. The author pays special attention to the market sharing mechanism of social wealth, and some scholars in China are also discussing the problem of profit sharing, and the difficulty lies in discovering or finding the path, means and methods of wealth or profit sharing. At the practical level, the specific systems and policies of some Nordic high-welfare countries at different stages of economic development to adjust the social wealth distribution relationship may be of more reference significance to us and may be more worthy of our study and consideration. IV. How to view the relationship between socialism and market economy As the author said, if socialism is dogmatically understood as "socialism = public ownership (owned by the whole people and collective state) + planned economy + distribution according to work" and capitalism as "capitalism = private ownership + market economy + distribution according to capital (factors)", then, "when we have private ownership today, when we implement a market economy, when we distribute according to factors, we will be considered not to be engaged in socialism, but in capitalism." If we get rid of the traditional mindset and re-understand the essence of socialism, we will find that socialism and the market economy are compatible. Therefore, the author reinterprets the essential characteristics of socialism from three aspects: "wider social ties and rich social consumption", "more effective social coordination", and "social struggle goal of common prosperity and development", and then discusses the intrinsic unity of socialism and market economy: "production development and efficiency improvement are the common goals of socialism and market economy", and "distribution fairness and social coordination are the inherent requirements of socialism and market economy". Of course, the author's innovative ideas may not be generally accepted by scholars, and there is still a lot of room for exploration. V. How to view the new changes in contemporary capitalism, and capitalist society has undergone hundreds of years of development without soon declining or even dying out, which is also a major practical and theoretical issue that many scholars ponder. The author argues that capitalism has been able to sustain its development because of the "inherent renunciation of the capitalist system." According to the author, the new changes in contemporary capitalism are mainly reflected in four aspects: first, capital concentration, agglomeration and monopoly; Second, the way of socialization of capital concentration is more extensive; Third, the state has continuously strengthened macro-regulation of the economy; Fourth, capitalist countries constantly adjust their institutional forms and promote scientific and technological innovation and organizational innovation. The author points out that the many contradictions encountered in the process of capitalist development "not only constantly bring about various conflicts, but also prompt all aspects of society to find solutions, and society continues to abandon some old systems and methods, and alleviate the contradictions to some extent through new means and methods." Although capitalism cannot fundamentally solve these contradictions, it has found a way to resolve them, resolved crises one after another, achieved the replacement of old and new, enabled capitalism to achieve certain development, and realized multiple qualitative changes within capitalism." The author further pointed out: "With the further consolidation and development of the capitalist system, the ruling class in capitalist society, including capitalists and bourgeois scholars, began to realize that it is necessary to consciously and actively adjust the factors in its system that are not adapted to the development of productive forces, especially those that are not conducive to maintaining social stability, so they consciously study the various contradictions and problems that exist in society, and strive to solve social contradictions through institutional innovation." This conscious adjustment has made the capitalist system flexible and made this system resilient. However, "the internal renunciation of the capitalist system cannot directly lead to the transformation of capitalism into socialism." VI. The Basic Method for Sinicizing Classical Marxist Economics For a long time, when adhering to and developing Marxist economics, we have always stressed that we should not stick to the specific conclusions in the classic works of Marxism, but should adhere to the stance and method of Marxist economics. The position of Marxist economics is for the free and comprehensive development of the proletariat and mankind as a whole, while the method of Marxist economics does not have a clear and unambiguous summary. Some scholars summarize the characteristics of Marxist economics from the socio-economic structure and institutional level, while others insist that Marxist economics is the beginning of the method of historical evolution. Professor Jia Houming fully affirmed the essence of Marx's unified research method of history and logic, and emphasized that in the process of studying economic issues, it is necessary to organically combine scientific theoretical abstraction with practical experience summary. He believes that at the present stage, to adhere to the method of unifying history and logic, it is very important to regard the development of socialist society as a dynamic historical development process, not to evade problems and contradictions in the process of progress, to adhere to "the scientific attitude of Marxists towards the actual socialist society, to look at the real society from the perspective of development, to analyze and criticize the problems", and to "regard this analysis and criticism as a force for promoting the progress of things and as a part of the construction of the socialist economic system." At the same time, the author also pointed out that "in order to develop Marxist economics in the direction of application, it is necessary to learn from the methods of Western economics, including marginal analysis methods"; "Compared with Marxist economics, the use of mathematics in mainstream economics in the West is more significant and effective", which is also worth learning and learning. The author takes a clear-cut stand against a dogmatic attitude towards classical Marxist economic theory, especially emphasizes the need to break through the limitations of those ideologies that deviate from the scientific spirit, and points out: "From the reform and opening up to today, we have practiced and innovated Marxian economics belonging to China, and the characteristics of this kind of economics are: transcending the value judgment of ideology on specific economies, and establishing a socialist market economy theory with Chinese characteristics based on the practical experience of socialist economic construction since China's reform and opening up." Throughout the book, one of the outstanding features of Professor Jia Houming's work is that it is more systematic in combing the different views and debates of related theories, and the discussion of each issue is as far as possible to clarify the context of theoretical evolution. This not only lays a solid foundation for him to put forward his own views, but also provides some important reference materials for scholars to continue to discuss these issues in depth, which is conducive to saving time and cost in similar research. Another distinctive feature of this work is that it fully reflects the author's independent thinking on these issues. The purpose of the contemporaneity and sinicization of classical Marxist economics is to turn classical Marxist economics into Marxist economics in contemporary China. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to both break and stand, inherit and innovate, and carry out an all-round interpretation, identification and evaluation of the methods, concepts, principles and systems of classical Marxist economics, and on this basis, inherit and develop classical Marxist economics, and lay a solid foundation for the construction of a new system of Marxist economic theory in contemporary China. Professor Jia Houming has made useful explorations in this regard, and put forward many new insights in this book, this scientific spirit of independent thinking and courage to explore is worthy of appreciation and respect, I believe he will continue to carry forward this scientific attitude and exploration spirit, unremittingly carry out in-depth research, and dedicate more contemporary Marxist economics and new achievements of Sinicization to readers.（AI翻译）