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After the end of the "Cold War", the world pattern has undergone major changes. The United States became the world's only superpower, trying to shape a "new world order" dominated by it. At the same time, the European Union and Japan are also striving to play a greater role in world politics. Some large developing countries have developed rapidly and become important forces in the world pattern of "one superpower, many powers". As the tense confrontation between the world's two major military blocs gradually disappears, the international community has begun to put non-traditional security issues on the international political agenda. In 2005, the United Nations issued a report of the Secretary-General entitled "In larger freedom - towards development, security and human rights for all", which systematically explained and summarized the concept, types and characteristics of security, marking that non-traditional security has officially become an important topic on the international political agenda. Since the end of the Cold War, the impact of international climate negotiations and cooperation on the rights and obligations of all countries in the world has been increasing. In order to safeguard their international and domestic interests, major countries have begun to engage in international games on climate change. When the Kyoto Protocol came into force in 2005, the focus of international climate negotiations began to shift to the post-2012 international arrangements for action. International climate talks have stalled as disagreements among major powers over post-2012 carbon reduction options have intensified. Until the Third Assessment Report on Climate Change was released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the early 21st century, scientific uncertainty about climate change was a matter of widespread concern in the scientific community and the international political community. In 2001, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released its Third Assessment Report. The report not only points with certainty that global average surface temperatures have risen since 1861, but also responds to some of the problems that have long plagued the scientific community. In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released its Fourth Assessment Report, which explained the existential threat of climate change to human beings from the aspects of ecology, food, health and water resources, and provided a scientific basis for the process of securitizing climate change. Since then, the EU has taken the lead in proposing a political initiative to secure climate change at the international level. The EU has actively disseminated its views and propositions on climate change security to the international community on some important international occasions, especially in the Security Council and the United Nations General Assembly, highlighting the existential threat of climate change through relevant discourse, striving to influence the international community's understanding of the security implications of climate change, and promoting the political agenda of securitization of climate change. At the same time, a number of United Nations organizations and agencies have also played a very important role in promoting the process of securitizing climate change. In April 2007, the Security Council convened an open debate on the themes of climate, energy and security. In 2009, the United Nations released a report of the Secretary-General entitled "Climate Change and Its Possible Impact on Security", which analyzed the correlation between climate change and international security from multiple perspectives, focusing on the understanding of members of the international community on climate security issues. At the 6587th meeting of the Security Council in July 2011, more than 90% of the delegates made it clear in their statements that climate change was a security issue, indicating that the relevant views put forward by the actors of climate change securitization have been widely recognized and supported by other members of the international community as listeners. On November 12, 2014, China and the United States issued the China-US Joint Statement on Climate Change, which clearly stated that addressing climate change will enhance national security and international security, reflecting the major breakthroughs made by the major countries of the North and South in safeguarding climate security and carrying out international cooperation, and laying an important foundation for the international community to take global action on climate security. In November and December 2015, the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Paris adopted the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement further highlights the seriousness of the security threat of climate change and the urgency of response actions, defines climate change as an "urgent threat" to human society, and sets out an action plan that breaks the norm. On November 4, 2016, the Paris Agreement entered into force, marking the basic formation of the international trend of securitization of climate change. As the international trend towards the securitization of climate change takes shape, the climate diplomacy strategies of many international actors have also adapted to the situation. These countries may re-weigh their interests and losses in light of the development of the international and domestic situation, and adjust their climate diplomacy positions and policies in a timely manner under the guidance of the concept of smart power diplomacy. or attach great importance to the interaction between international actors in climate security cognition, and strive to enhance their own discourse authority in international security affairs; Or seek a basis for their own claims from the perspectives of morality, science and jurisprudence, and increase their ability to shape international norms. The practices of these international actors are instructive. The securitization of climate change has three impacts on international climate negotiations: the political logic of international climate negotiations has undergone major changes, and the concept of security first has gradually become an international consensus; The current international climate negotiation process faces major challenges, with many international actors beginning to demand that climate change issues be negotiated and decided within the framework of the Security Council; With the deepening of the international community's understanding of climate security, the need to further reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases in the earth's atmosphere will become more urgent, and the pressure on emerging developing countries to reduce emissions will further increase. In the international trend of securitization of climate change, China's climate diplomacy faces three major challenges: how to make a more accurate judgment on whether the securitization of climate change is in China's interests and determine China's basic position accordingly; how to build discourse authority in the process of securitizing climate change; How to improve the shaping power of international climate norms in the process of climate change securitization. In view of the impact of climate change securitization on international negotiations and the challenges facing China, the overall response of China's climate diplomacy is to adhere to the concept of multilateralism diplomacy that closely integrates global interests and national interests, and become a smarter force in future international climate negotiations and cooperation. From a more concrete perspective, China needs to be smarter in seeking the intersection of its own security concerns and the security concerns of others, enhance the authority of climate security discourse, and strengthen its ability to guide the construction of an international climate security concept. At the same time, China also needs to be smarter in seeking the intersection of its own strategic interests and the strategic interests of other countries, enhance its ability to shape international procedural and substantive norms, and promote the construction of an international normative system conducive to win-win cooperation in global climate governance. After the international trend of securitization of climate change has basically taken shape, China's diplomatic statement on climate security should also be improved with the continuous development and change of climate change scientific research, domestic and foreign security concepts, and climate security cognition. China should be guided by the new security concept and systematically explain China's understanding and concept to the international community in terms of the root causes, basic characteristics and basic framework for addressing climate security challenges. First, China should make it clear to the international community that climate security is a product of the North-South imbalance in global development. Second, China must make it clear to the international community that climate security is a common security issue that requires cooperation from the international community. Finally, China must explain to the international community that climate security can only be fundamentally solved under a sustainable security model. In the context of the securitization of climate change, international actors such as the United States, the European Union and Japan have repeatedly called for the Security Council to intervene in climate change at important international meetings such as the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. In this regard, China must oppose Security Council intervention in climate change on the basis of scientific facts, legal rules and international principles in its climate diplomacy, and safeguard the equal decision-making rights of developing countries on climate change. The multilateral equitable consultation process is a mechanism established by the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to address issues related to compliance. Only by adhering to the multilateral and equal consultation climate security decision-making mechanism can we effectively strengthen communication and coordination between different members of the international community and fully form a global joint force to jointly address the global security challenge of climate change. The securitization of climate change will inevitably lead to breaking the norm and establishing new international norms to more effectively address the security challenges of climate change. To implement the goals set out in the Paris Agreement, many more specific international climate norms need to be developed. At the same time, major differences remain in the international community on many related issues, and vacillating climate policies in some countries have added uncertainty to the development of international climate norms. As a major developing country, China needs to play an active guiding role in the formulation of international climate norms and improve its ability to shape the formulation of international climate norms. Maintaining global climate security ultimately depends on advanced science and technology. The core link in the formulation of future international climate norms lies in how to form international climate technology cooperation norms that are conducive to maintaining global climate security. In the current situation, the international diffusion and application of climate change technologies faces IP barriers. In particular, there are sharp differences between developed and developing countries on the need for an international agreement on compulsory licensing of climate technology patents to facilitate international technology transfer. In its diplomatic work, China should seize the important opportunity of securitizing climate change, strive to promote the international community to formulate compulsory licensing agreements for climate technology patents, help developing countries master more advanced climate change technologies as soon as possible, promote the effective implementation of the Paris Agreement, and make due contributions to the fundamental solution of global climate security issues. Thanks to the support of Jiangsu University Advantageous Discipline Construction Project "Haze Monitoring, Early Warning and Prevention and Control"!（AI翻译）
