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The issue of "three rural areas" is one of China's fundamental problems and one of the most serious problems. The reform and development of rural finance is not only an integral part of the "three rural areas" problem, but also a "golden key" to solve the "three rural areas" problem. Moreover, an important feature of modern rural economic development is the increasingly close relationship between economy and finance. In order to improve the rural financial service system, promote rural financial competition, meet rural financial needs and increase rural financial supply, on December 20, 2006, the CBRC issued Several Opinions on Adjusting and Relaxing the Access Policy for Banking Financial Institutions in Rural Areas to Better Support the Construction of a New Socialist Countryside, proposing to relax the access policy of banking financial institutions in rural areas, and in terms of incremental reform, establish new rural financial institutions including village and town banks, loan companies, rural mutual aid cooperatives and so on. Together with the microfinance companies led by the People's Bank of China, the new rural financial institutions have reached four categories. The 2007 National Financial Work Conference will accelerate rural financial reform, improve the rural financial system, and properly solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, as the focus of financial work and the focus of all the work of the Party and the state. It can be seen from this the role of rural financial reform in building a new socialist countryside. The general requirements of the National Financial Work Conference for rural financial reform are: to accelerate the establishment and improvement of a multi-level, wide-coverage and sustainable rural financial organization system that adapts to the characteristics of the "three rural areas", including the construction of a rural financial product system with reasonable division of labor, diversified investment, perfect functions and efficient services, and significantly enhance the function of serving the "three rural areas". The central government hopes that this innovation can effectively increase the supply of rural finance, improve the coverage of rural financial services, promote competition in rural financial markets, and improve the quality of rural financial services. Nearly a decade later, how are village and town banks, the main force of new rural financial institutions, developing? Have you achieved your desired goals? What are the main problems? Most importantly, can village banks avoid risks and achieve sustainable development? These are all concerns of the industry. Combined with the "No. 1 Document of the Central Committee" in recent years and the requirements of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, this book studies and sorts out the development process and current situation of village and town banks, the sustainability of development, the risks encountered and the existing problems, and puts forward countermeasures to prevent risks and promote the sustainable development of village and town banks. The first chapter of this book introduces the research background and significance, the current research status at home and abroad, and the research framework and methods of this book. Chapter 2 introduces the main theoretical foundations of the study in this book and defines some related concepts. Chapter 3 sorts out the innovation theory, institutional construction and policy support of village and township banks. Chapter 4 describes the development history and status of village and township banks. Chapter 5 analyzes the types and causes of risks of village banks, mainly studies the risks of village banks, and analyzes the causes of risks. Chapter 6 analyzes the risk management objectives, policies and systems of village banks. Chapter 7 analyzes the factors restricting the sustainable development of village banks, and this chapter mainly analyzes the development prospects, main problems, advantages and disadvantages of sustainable development of village and town banks. Chapter 8 analyzes the experience of risk management of foreign rural financial organizations, and this chapter introduces the risk management of rural financial institutions in developed and developing countries, and summarizes the experience that can be learned. Chapter 9 mainly selects typical cases in Jilin Province and analyzes the development situation of village and town banks from a micro perspective. Chapter 10 first analyzes the financial ecological environment faced by village banks, and then puts forward the measures for village banks to prevent risks and achieve sustainable development. This book is completed on the basis of the following projects led by the author: "Research on Risk Generation Mechanism and Control Path of Rural Financial Institutions in the Context of Rural Revitalization" (18YJA790023), Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department Soft Science Research Project "Research on Risk Generation Mechanism and Prevention and Control Measures of Rural and Township Banks in Jilin Province" (20180418049FG), Jilin Provincial Social Science Foundation Key Project" Research on Risk Management of Rural Financial Institutions in Jilin Province under the Rural Revitalization Strategy (2019A3), Research on Risk Management of New Rural Financial Institutions in Jilin Province (JJKH201804780SK), Key Project of Jilin University of Finance and Economics "Risk Generation Mechanism and Control Path Selection of New Rural Financial Institutions" (2017Z11), President Fund Project of Jilin University of Finance and Economics Risk Generation Mechanism and Control Path Selection of Rural Financial Ecological Environment under Rural Revitalization Strategy" (XZ2018032) and "Research on Inclusive Financial Development in Jilin Province under Rural Revitalization Strategy" (2019JJX021). This book was funded by Jilin University of Finance and Economics, and I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to the Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning Office, Jilin University of Finance and Economics Scientific Research Office, and School of Finance of Jilin University of Finance and Economics. In the process of research and data collection of the project, we have received strong support and enthusiastic help from Jilin Provincial Financial Office, Jilin Provincial Banking Regulatory Bureau and Changchun Branch of the People's Bank of China. Professor Luo Juncheng of Jilin University of Foreign Chinese wrote 30,000 words of content; In the process of completing this book, my colleagues Liu Jifang and Ju Guohua put forward many valuable suggestions, and Xu Yongjian helped complete the production of some diagrams and participated in the text proofreading. Thank you for their hard work! Due to factors such as theoretical level, data sources and time constraints, there are still many issues in this book that need to be further studied and explored, and the recent central government's policy of opening up to private capital has been continuously strengthened, the rural financial environment has been further improved, and the competition of rural financial institutions has intensified, and the impact on village and town banks needs to be further studied. In the process of writing this book, the author and his team conducted research on some village and town banks in Jilin Province, Heilongjiang and other provinces, but from a national perspective, there were certain limitations, which adversely affected the depth of research on the problem. The author will improve the deficiencies in future research, and kindly ask for your guidance and valuable advice. Gao Xiaoguang at Jilin University of Finance and Economics on April 15, 2019(AI翻译)
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