China Social Sciences Press plans to publish the "Report on the Development of Chinese Philosophy and Social Sciences", which is of great significance for inheriting the historical tradition of academic history research in China and prospering and developing philosophy and social sciences. I. The "Report on the Development of Chinese Philosophy and Social Sciences" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") is an important publishing project determined by China Social Sciences Press in recent years after extensive and in-depth academic consultation and academic discussion, drawing on the suggestions of experts and scholars in China's philosophy and social sciences. The "Report" involves different disciplines and fields such as history, archaeology, literature, philosophy, aesthetics, religious studies, logic, law, education, ethnology, economics, international politics, international relations, Dunhuang studies, linguistics, and simple studies. The authors of the "report" are all well-known discipline leaders in China, with long-term and in-depth research in related fields, and this team of authors is an important guarantee for the quality of the "report", and also reflects the importance that China Social Sciences Press attaches to this set of "report" projects. The "Report" consists of three parts: first, the academic history of contemporary China; 2. Annual Overview; 3. Frontier report. The recently published is a part of the achievements of contemporary Chinese academic history, showing the construction and development of philosophy and social sciences related fields in New China, especially since the reform and opening up, is a review and tour of the development process and harvest of related disciplines in this period, reflects the internal driving force and creation of the progress of various disciplines of Chinese philosophy and social sciences, is actually a large-scale history of the development of Chinese philosophy and social sciences, which will surely lay a good foundation for the development of Chinese philosophy and social sciences and effectively promote its prosperity and development. Second, in China, academic history writing has a long historical tradition and distinctive characteristics. The word "academic" already existed in pre-Qin texts (such as the Book of Rites, etc.), and is sometimes referred to as "Xue", such as "Shizhi Xianxue, Ru Moye" ("Han Feizi Xianxue"), "On Learning to Gain Friends" ("Liji Xueji"), etc. The connotation of the concept of "academic" has always been discussed by scholars. In the history of Chinese academia, people's understanding and definition of "academic" is diverse, and it is difficult to grasp with a fixed meaning, but it has a relatively stable and clear meaning. "Academic" naturally contains both "learning" and "art", which in today's words has both theoretical significance and practical effect; "Learning" and "art" are inseparable in traditional Chinese academic concepts, so they are called "Taoism" by Zhuangzi Tianxia. Mr. Liang Qichao and Mr. Qian Mu have each written academic historical works, and their "academic" is relatively close to some of the contents of Bangu's Hanshu Yiwenzhi, which is equivalent to what we call "conceptual culture" today, covering the ideological views, theoretical systems and research methods of philosophy, classics, and history. Liang Qichao once played the relationship between "learning" and "art" according to the principle of physical use, believing that "the body of scholar's art is the use of magic." The two are inseparable like auxiliary vehicles. What is not enough to apply to the magician, the learning is not beneficial; Those who do not base themselves on scientific truth, deceive the world and mislead others" (Ice Room Anthology, No. 25), which has the basic style and spirit of modern scholarship and embodies the epochal nature of academic history. In the pre-Qin period, "Zhuangzi Tianxia", "Xunzi Fei Twelve Sons" (of course, some scholars believe that they are "Non Ten Sons" according to the "Han Shi Gaiden", such as Zhang Xuecheng, etc.), "Corpse Guangze", "Lü's Spring and Autumn Buer", "Han Feizi Xianxue" and so on are all classic works of ancient academic history in China. "Zhuangzi" claims that "the Tao has not yet begun to be sealed" ("The Theory of Qi Things"), "Taoism is omnipresent" ("Tianxia"), and "omnipresent" ("Journey to the Zhibei"), all of which emphasize that the Tao is universal and infinite, and dwells in all things, and cannot leave all things instantly. "Tianxia" also concisely outlines the evolution of pre-Qin academic history, that is, the process of "the study of gods and witches", "the study of historical officials" to "the study of a hundred schools", "the world has to observe for its own good", "Taoism will split the world" reflects the historical facts of academic differentiation, development and evolution in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, that is, the course of change from "the way of integration of officials and teachers", "official study" to "private writings" (Zhang Xuecheng's "School Tongyi Original Dao"). These expositions have a profound academic vision and are helpful for future generations to study the academic history of the pre-Qin period. In addition, "Xunzi Fei Twelve Sons" concentrates on the academic content and drawbacks of the twelve sons of the pre-Qin dynasty, Wei Mu, Chen Zhongshi, Mo Zhai, Song Zhao, Shen to Tian Biao, Huishi Deng Xie, and Zisi Mengke, commending the way of Zhongnizi bow and Shunyu, and advocating that "the upper rule is the system of law Shunyu, the lower rule is the righteousness of Zhongnizi's bow, and the saying of the twelve sons is to rest the twelve sons, if so, the harm of the world will be eliminated, the benevolent deeds will be completed, and the deeds of the holy king will be accomplished." "Lü's Spring and Autumn Buji" points out the academic differences of "Lao Dang Guirou, Confucius Guiren, Mo Zhai Guilian (suspected to be 'concurrent'), Guan Yin Guiqing, Zi Liezi Guiqi, Chen Qiqi, Yangsheng Guiji, Sun Bin Guishi, Wang Liao Guixian, and Er Liangguihou", hoping to find similarities from different academic insights. "Han Feizi Xianxue" describes in detail the development of the two schools of Confucianism and Moxi, and retains the data on the evolution of the Confucian-Mo school of "Confucianism is divided into eight, and ink is separated into three", which points out the direction for future research. However, Han Fei focused on criticizing the "science of foolishness", believing that "those who have no reference and must do it are foolish; Those who can rely on it, falsely accuse it", emphasizing the importance of "examination". It can be seen from the academic historical data of the pre-Qin dynasty that "he" is the unity with difference (contradiction), while "same" is the unity without difference. Confucius made it clear that he himself advocated "harmony" and opposed "sameness." Under the influence of Confucianism represented by Confucius, ancient Chinese academic history requires finding their unity from different schools of academic thought, and this goal prompts ancient Chinese academic thought to pay attention to both the study of the different sides of things and the unity between them, which is the theoretical basis for the continuous development of methodology and epistemology in ancient Chinese academic history. The "Shiji Tai Shi Gong Zi Order" contains Sima on "On the Essentials of the Six Schools", starting from the "Yi Da Biography" "the world is consistent and hesitant, and the same return is different", and describes the six academic gists of yin and yang, Confucianism, ink, fame, law, and morality, believing that they all have common goals, but the starting point is different, and the depth of the theory is different. In terms of classification, replacing specific representative figures with the names of factions of various schools is an inevitable trend in the development of academic history, and the reviews are moderately praised, reflecting the trend of academic development at that time. Liu Xin's "Seven Sketches" at the end of the Western Han Dynasty is also an important academic historical work, which was later absorbed into the "Hanshu Art Wenzhi". The Book of Han and Art and Literature has always been valued by scholars, and was once called "the sect of scholarship and the essence of the clear way" by the Qing dynasty scholar Zhang Xuecheng ("School Yong Tongyi Hejaz Six Arts"). "Seven Sketches" and "Hanshu Art and Literature" are the most academic streams, and have a great influence on the academic history of later generations. The "Art and Literature History" (or "Jingzhi") and "Ru Lin Biography" in the ancient history of China contain rich academic history content and have become important materials for academic history research. Since the Song Dynasty, academic history classics based on schools have appeared, such as Zhu Xi's "Yiluo Origin Record" (which is the pioneering work of academic history) of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhou Rudeng's "Legend of Shengxue Zong" in the Ming Dynasty, and Sun Qifeng's "Legend of Lixue" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, all of which have the prototype of outlining the evolution of academic thought based on schools. "Yiluo Origin Record" includes the biographies and evaluations of Zhou Dunyi, Er Cheng, Shao Yong, Zhang Zai and Chengmen Gaozu, which runs through the academic thought of the Luoxue school, and Shao and Zhang are only regarded as the wings of Luoxue, which may not be accurate. The "Legend of Shengxue" wanted to be interpreted by Confucianism, and was later criticized by Huang Zongxi and others. Although there are many schools of thought in the "Legend of Science and Learning", it mainly runs through academic history with Cheng Zhu and King Lu. It can be seen that in the history of academia, it is not an easy task to truly understand all schools. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Huang Zongxi's "Ming Confucian Study Case" and Huang Zongxi's "Song and Yuan Study Case" and Quan Zuwang were the masterpieces of the academic history of the study case. "The Case of Ming Confucianism" is a systematic and mature academic and intellectual history work, focusing on the analysis of various academic views, "dividing the origins and factions for it, so that its purpose is always the same" ("The Case of Ming Confucianism, Preface"), and the style is based on "those who have been taught are divided into cases, and those who have been given are divided into cases, and those who are special, later scholars, and those who are not very authors, are always listed in the cases of Confucianism" ("Ming Confucianism Case Fa Fan"), dividing the school affiliation according to the similarities and differences in the academic thought of the characters, and handling the division of academic cases. "The Case of Song Yuan Xue" is written by many people and has experienced twists and turns, but the volume is large and rich in information, focusing on the relationship between teachers and inheritance between characters, and using it as the main basis for identifying the school. This kind of research method that pays attention to academic purposes and school inheritance has had a lot of influence on Jiang Fan's "Inheritance of Chinese Scholars in the National Dynasty" and "Records of the Origin of Song Studies in the National Dynasty" in the Qing Dynasty. In modern China, some scholars have written their own academic history works, some of which have become heirloom works, such as Liang Qichao's "Academic History of China in the Past Three Hundred Years", "Introduction to Academic History of the Qing Dynasty", Qian Mu's "Academic History of China in the Past Three Hundred Years", etc. The "academic" expounded by them includes the understanding of traditional Chinese thought and culture, as well as the evaluation of realpolitik thought, and has comprehensive characteristics. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, Chinese scholars tried to restore this tradition and write about Chinese academic history from a new starting point. Today we see several works named "academic history", some of which focus on the study of the origin of Chinese civilization; Some focus on the discussion of the evolution of the canonical system; Others focus on the investigation of historical documents and excavated documents. These undoubtedly belong to the category of "academic", and it is undoubtedly a meaningful thing to study the evolution of specific disciplines from different perspectives and disciplines, summarize academic experience and lessons, and provide reference for the future development of discipline academia. Third, the academic history tradition in China's history has a long history, which is the wisdom crystallization and cultural treasure of Chinese culture. Whether it is a prologue, a biography, a table of contents, a note, a case, a chapter, an academic chronicle, etc., the excellent traditions of Chinese academic history can be roughly summarized as: 1. Attach importance to the examination of documents and materials, and adhere to the academic principle of "the essence of the clear way". Academic history works attach importance to the examination of documentary materials, and base academic history on reliable materials, which is the basis for academic history research. When combing academic history, in addition to emphasizing seeking truth from facts, making choices and attaching importance to unsolicited and untrustworthy, Qianxian also advocated the combination of "learning" and "art", not only attaching importance to the sorting and combing of literature, but also attaching importance to the manifestation and promotion of cultural significance and academic spirit. This is the reason why academic historical works have about the "essence of the clear way" ("School Yong Tongyi Original Dao", "School Yong Tongyi Supplementary School Chinese Art Literature"). The "Case of Ming Confucianism" advocates that the study of academic history should strive to reflect the grandeur and all-encompassing embodiment of the "Tao" in various academic manifestations, and that "the difference between scholarship is precisely based on the infinity of the Taoist body", and takes the relationship between the sea and the river as an example: "The Fu Dao is also the sea, and the river, Huai, He, Han, and even Jing, Wei Hoof, and Shu are all twists and turns, each of which is water, and the sea is one water" ("Ming Confucianism Case, Preface"). Although the Jianghuai River Han has its own twists and turns, they all belong to the sea; Although there are different schools of academia, they are all the embodiment of the Tao. 2. Pay attention to the source and development context of academic changes. "Discerning the Academic Chapter, Examining the Origin" ("School Yong Tongyi Jiao Lang Mistaken Hejaz") has always been a tradition of academic history. For example, under the influence of the historical works of "Zhuangzi Tianxia", "Xunzi Fei Twelve" and "Shiji", discussing the inheritance and changes of academic flow has become an important content and feature of academic history, and "Seven Sketches" and "Hejaz" have become common examples of academic history works after refocusing on academic origins. 3. Attach importance to the study of the characteristics of different schools in academic history, and reveal their unique contributions to Chinese academic history. On the basis of grasping the academic characteristics of schools, attaching importance to the study of the differences and integration of ideas between different schools is the life of academic prosperity and development. The debate and integration of the learning of hundreds of schools in the Warring States period, the development and integration of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in the Han, Tang, Song and Yuan periods, and the meeting of middle schools and Western studies in the Ming and Qing dynasties all conceal the academic spirit of opposite. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Huang Zongxi and Quan Zuwang wrote the "Case of Song and Yuan Studies", with physicists as the main trunk, but did not exclude scholars of other schools, such as Chen Liang and Ye Shi of the Yongjia School, Wang Anshi Xinxue, and Su's Shu School, emphasizing the exchange influence of different schools, contrary to each other, as Huang Zongxi advocated: "There is a partial view, there is a contrary theory, scholars are different from it, it is appropriate to pay attention to it, the so-called one and ten thousand differences." Helping water with water is not learning!" ("Ming Confucianism Case Fa Fan") 4. Carry on the past and forge ahead, attach importance to academic innovation and progress. In the process of sorting out the academic changes, ancient Chinese academic works focus on the continuation of the past and opening up the future, "taking retro as liberation" ("Introduction to Qing Dynasty Scholarship"). Do not rob people of beauty, do not hide people's goodness, otherwise, it will be regarded as "great immorality" ("Introduction to Qing Dynasty Scholarship"). To a certain extent, the Siku Encyclopedia absorbs the research results of the time, corrects some deficiencies, summarizes the origins, identifies and researches, and shows the development context and achievements of academic history. It is precisely this kind of revision and addition, repeated deliberation, that makes the long river of academic history continue endlessly, stretching for more than 2,000 years, even at the critical juncture when the nation has suffered heavy losses, the outstanding academic spirit in Chinese culture can still encourage the people of the world to bravely shoulder heavy burdens and become the backbone of national development. 5. Academic history has an obvious holistic, comprehensive and academic nature, and strives to fuse academic thought, politics, economy, cultural thought, etc. into one furnace to avoid fragmentation. "Zhuangzi Tianxia" said: "Scholars of later generations unfortunately do not see the purity of heaven and earth, the general body of the ancients, and Taoism will be divided under the world." The author of "Tianxia" sees that the whole scholarship about heaven and earth is divided into different parts, "such as ears, eyes, noses, and mouths, all of which are clear and cannot be connected", which is very insightful. In ancient times, because there was no modern disciplinary concept, the traditional subset of economic history provided more opportunities and possibilities for integration and exchange, so that traditional academic history research can pay attention to holistic, comprehensive and academic, and has strong national cultural characteristics, but also has a strong sense of the times. Fourth, the ancient Chinese academic history is our precious ideological and cultural wealth, how to absorb its advantages in the new era, starting from a broader academic vision, not only to see the differences between schools of intellectual history, but also to study how "differences" are transformed into "integration" and "communication". If we can carry out careful combing and research in this regard, find out the joint points of "integration", and the relationship between "communication" and "innovation", perhaps this is an effective way to overcome some conceptualization and formulas in academic history research, make academic history research more specific and realistic, and gradually approach the original appearance of academic history. The comprehensive, complete and academic characteristics of ancient Chinese academic history are still of epochal significance today. Although the current philosophy and social sciences are mainly classified research, of course, this is a sign of the differentiation and development of disciplines, but the separation and isolation of disciplines brought about by this is a problem that scholars need to pay attention to. Interdisciplinary communication is the key to the development of disciplines, especially the emergence and development of interdisciplinary, interdisciplinary and emerging disciplines. In the West, since the Renaissance, the development of humanities and social sciences has benefited from the exchange and mutual learning of economics, sociology, geography, anthropology, psychology, demography, linguistics and other disciplines, and is closely related to the development of natural sciences. The development of philosophy and social sciences in China requires the integration (cross-integration) between disciplines, for this reason, you can first start from the academic history research of different disciplines, the academic history of any discipline must be related to other disciplines, therefore, the study of academic history undoubtedly laid the foundation for the intersection and integration between various disciplines of philosophy and social sciences. Fortunately, contemporary Chinese scholars have successfully written many academic historical works, providing research results for the construction of China's philosophy and social science theoretical innovation system. The publication of the "Report on the Development of Philosophy and Social Sciences in China" will certainly make new contributions to the prosperity and development of philosophy and social sciences in China. July 16, 2010（AI翻译）