I. Definition of the Connotation and Extension of Green Development: Green Development is a major development strategy put forward by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core based on the current international and domestic situation, and is one of the latest theoretical achievements of the Sinicization of Marxism. At the same time, green development is also a new thinking and new idea for sustainable development put forward by the 2012 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. Since the reform and opening up, China's economic growth has been rapid, but due to the extensive development mode, it has caused very serious ecological and environmental problems. In response to this situation, the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the general layout of socialism with Chinese characteristics, including the construction of ecological civilization, emphasizing the need to "focus on promoting green development, circular development and low-carbon development, forming a spatial pattern, industrial structure, production mode and lifestyle that conserves resources and protects the environment, reverse the trend of deterioration of the ecological environment from the source, create a good production and living environment for the people, and contribute to global ecological security." "The Fifth Plenum of the 18th Central Committee further identified green development as one of the five major concepts to guide China's future development and formulate relevant strategic plans. In a nutshell, the connotation of green development can be understood as: while the level of economic development continues to improve, the quality of the ecological environment is also constantly improving. Obviously, green development is a new development model proposed for the traditional economic development model, which requires that economic development must be constrained by the carrying capacity of the ecological environment, respect, adapt to and protect nature, and transform into a way to save natural resources and protect the environment. Starting from the connotation of green development, any development behavior that is conducive to improving the level of economic development and the quality of the ecological environment at the same time can be called green development. Specifically, green development can be divided into two major aspects. The first is all the changes in production methods and lifestyles adopted around the improvement of resources and environmental efficiency, including the innovation or renewal of production technology, technology and related equipment, the optimization and adjustment of industrial structure, the overall coordination of regional economic pattern, the use of daily necessities and related equipment, and the transformation of living habits. Theoretically, circular development and low-carbon development should belong to the above types of green development. The second is the actions taken directly to protect and improve the quality of the ecological environment, such as the establishment of ecological reserves, afforestation, control of various ecological problems such as soil erosion and land desertification, and the reduction or elimination of various environmental pollutants. Second, as an important content of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics and a major concept guiding China's future development, the theoretical significance of green development is self-evident, but the strategic deployment of comprehensive implementation of green development and the design of relevant policies and measures need to be concretized and clarified. A series of issues closely related to vigorously promoting green development still need to be observed and refined from practice, including what difficulties and challenges China's green development is currently facing, what problems need to be solved urgently, what are the key areas, what technical "bottlenecks" need to be broken, what systems and mechanisms should be established, and what systems need to be reformed and innovated. At the same time, although the concept of green development has not been formally proposed for a long time, at the practical level, some regions have already carried out a lot of pre-emptive work in this regard. Timely summarizing the lessons learned in China's green development practice will help China further promote green development in the future, and then promote the comprehensive development of China's ecological civilization construction and even the entire cause of socialism with characteristics. Therefore, the investigation of national conditions for green development is of great practical significance, and it is also very helpful to promote the theoretical research of green development. The purpose of the research group is to deeply understand the practical basis of China's green development, timely grasp the progress of green development and its evolution, summarize and refine the lessons learned in green development practice, evaluate the effect and impact of green development related strategies and policies, gain insight into the difficulties and challenges faced by further promoting green development, provide reference opinions for the improvement of China's overall green development strategy and policies, and put forward specific ideas and suggestions for green development in the survey area. The reason why the Xiangjiang River Basin in Hunan Province was selected as the research area is because Hunan Province is the earliest area in China to explore green development, and its "two-type" social experimental zone of Changzhutan urban agglomeration in the Xiangjiang River Basin was approved by the State Council as early as December 14, 2007. On August 2, 2010, the Hunan Provincial Party Committee and the Hunan Provincial Government decided to promote the construction of a "two-type" society from the Changzhutan urban agglomeration to the whole province; On April 20, 2012, the Hunan Provincial Party Committee and the Hunan Provincial Government issued the "Green Hunan Construction Outline", emphasizing the concept of green development throughout the whole process of new industrialization, new urbanization, agricultural modernization and informatization construction, so as to achieve a green rise. Therefore, as a research site for green development, the Xiangjiang River Basin in Hunan Province has a very prominent typicality. 3. In order to do a good job in this research activity, the Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Hunan Academy of Social Sciences organized key researchers in the field of green development to set up a research group, and applied for the National Conditions Research Base Project of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences with the title of "Research on the Status Quo and Countermeasures of Green Development in the Xiangjiang River Basin of Hunan Province". The leaders of the research group are Li Ping, director of the Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and Liu Jianwu, president of the Hunan Academy of Social Sciences. The research group members include Han Shengjun, Zhang Jie, Zhang Youguo, Li Yuhong, Peng Xushu, Wu Bin, Jiang Jinhe, Chen Jinxiao, Hu Anjun and Liu Jiancui from the Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Li Hui, Luo Liping, Liu Xianfeng and Yang Shunshun of Hunan Academy of Social Sciences. This book is the final report of the project. This project was officially launched in early May 2016. For more than half a year, the research group grasped the overall strategy and ideas of green development in the Xiangjiang River Basin by collecting and sorting out relevant policy literature, and determined the research outline accordingly. Through follow-up research, the green planning and implementation status of the Xiangjiang River Basin were evaluated. Through the collection and collation of relevant data and the construction of green development indicator system, the green development process of the Xiangjiang River Basin was quantitatively evaluated. An in-depth analysis of the problems and shortcomings was carried out; Then, it put forward the policy suggestions for the overall green development of the Xiangjiang River Basin. In order to have a deeper understanding of the green development of the Xiangjiang River Basin, the research group selected Jiangyong County at the source of the Xiangjiang River Basin, the middle section of the Xiangjiang River Basin, the Changzhutan Urban Agglomeration, which is also the core area of economic and social development of Hunan Province, and Linxiang City, which is under the jurisdiction of Yueyang City at the end of the Xiangjiang River Basin, as cases, and conducted in-depth investigation and analysis of the status, experience and challenges of green development in these three regions. He has held discussions with experts and scholars in the field of local green development in Hunan Province, heads of Linxiang Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government and relevant departments, Jiangyong County Party Committee and County Government and relevant departments, responsible persons of relevant townships and villages, and heads of industrial park enterprises. We visited relevant enterprises and farmers' production bases. A large number of first-hand information was obtained, and the implementation of relevant policies was examined in a targeted manner during the above-mentioned interviews. Through more than half a year's efforts, the research group achieved the expected research purpose and formed a research report according to the predetermined plan. IV. Overview of the content of the research report: This book is divided into two parts: the first and the next. The first part discusses the entire Xiangjiang River Basin, including the analysis of the basic economic, social and ecological environment of the entire Xiangjiang River Basin, the planning and implementation of green development in the Xiangjiang River Basin, the quantitative evaluation of the progress of green development in eight prefectures and cities in the Xiangjiang River Basin, the difficulties and challenges faced by further promoting green development, and countermeasures and suggestions for the green development of the entire Xiangjiang River Basin. In the second part, three typical cases of green development in the Xiangjiang River Basin are analyzed. Typical cases selected by the research group include the "two-type" social development of Changzhutan urban agglomeration, the core area of economic and social development in Hunan Province, and the green development of Jiangyong County and Linxiang City. Chapter I: The Basic Situation of the Economic, Social and Ecological Environment of the Xiangjiang River Basin. Analysis shows that in the past decade, Hunan's economic strength has reached a new level. The fixed asset investment, consumption, foreign trade and tourism income of the whole society have grown rapidly; Continuous optimization of the economic structure; In 2015, the urbanization rate reached 56.1%; The income and living conditions of urban and rural residents have been continuously improved, and the scientific and technological health undertakings have developed rapidly. At the same time, Hunan Province is rich in water resources and mineral resources; Water efficiency and energy efficiency continue to improve, but they are still below the national average; The quality of the water environment has increased steadily; Successfully achieve the emission reduction target of major pollutants. The permanent population of the eight prefectures and cities in the Xiangjiang River Basin accounts for 60.82% of the permanent population of Hunan, and the regional GDP accounts for 78.35% of the GDP of Hunan Province. There are obvious differences in economic aggregate, per capita GDP, economic growth rate, industrial structure, residents' income, living conditions, urbanization rate, and ecological environment among the eight prefectures and cities. Chapter II: Planning and Implementation of Green Development in the Xiangjiang River Basin。 Hunan has made great progress in the overall planning and institutional construction of green development in the Xiangjiang River Basin. As early as February 2013, Hunan Province issued the Master Plan for the Scientific Development of the Xiangjiang River Basin, and at the end of September 2012, it officially promulgated China's first comprehensive local regulation on the protection of river basins - the Regulations on the Protection of the Xiangjiang River in Hunan Province. A series of special planning measures on ecological and environmental protection have also been introduced and implemented, such as the Implementation Plan for Comprehensive Improvement of Water Pollution in the Xiangjiang River Basin, the Implementation Rules for the Implementation of the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, and the Soil Environmental Protection Plan of Hunan Province (2011-2020). The implementation of these plans and the establishment and improvement of relevant safeguard mechanisms have enabled the Xiangjiang River Basin to achieve remarkable results in all major aspects of green development. For example, the water quality of the Xiangjiang River has been improved overall, the air quality has been greatly improved, and the soil heavy metal pollution in some areas has been effectively treated. Chapter III: Assessment of the Green Development Level of Municipalities along the Xiangjiang River Basin。 According to the connotation of green development, the research group established an evaluation index system for green development, used the analytic hierarchy method and expert consultation method to set the weight of the index, and then scored the green development level of eight prefectures and cities in the Xiangjiang River Basin from 2007 to 2014. The results show that the green development composite index of the eight prefectures and cities has different degrees of volatility, and there is no trend of steady improvement year by year. The green development level of the eight prefectures and cities varies greatly, and the green development level of cities in the eastern region is higher than that of cities in the western region. Chapter IV Difficulties and challenges in further promoting the green development strategy in the Xiangjiang River Basin. First of all, in the process of economic greening, the Xiangjiang River Basin faces constraints and challenges in terms of development stage, industrial structure dominated by heavy chemical industry, rapid rise in urbanization demand, and low value-added status in the industrial chain. Secondly, the difficulties and challenges faced in the process of resource conservation and environmental protection, including energy resource endowment and consumption structure, the historical problems of environmental protection and restoration caused by overexploitation of industrial and mining areas along the route, the accumulation of heavy metal pollution in river sediment in river basins, and the contradiction between economic development and ecological environmental protection faced by promoting green development in the headwaters of the Xiangjiang River. Third, the green development of the Xiangjiang River Basin faces difficulties and challenges in the supply of capital, technology and talents. Finally, in terms of green development system construction and cultural and conceptual transformation, the Xiangjiang River Basin is also facing many difficulties. Chapter V: Countermeasures and Suggestions for Promoting the Green Development Strategy in the Xiangjiang River Basin. In terms of environmental governance, this chapter puts forward a series of policy recommendations on water pollution control, air pollution control, soil remediation, domestic/food waste disposal and sponge city construction. In terms of green industry development, a series of countermeasures for the greening of agriculture, industry and service industries were proposed. In terms of green technology innovation, suggestions were put forward to build a green technology innovation platform, improve the independent innovation ability of green technology, and strengthen the introduction and cultivation mechanism of green talents. The proposed green consumption development policy system involves the government's green procurement policy, how to implement the national green consumption policy, strengthen the fiscal and tax support mechanism for the safety and security of agricultural products, implement various green consumption strategic actions, and enhance the institutional guarantee for green consumption development. The policy recommendations on the development of green finance mainly include promoting the innovation of green financial instruments, green financial products and supporting policy innovation for green finance development in the Xiangjiang River Basin. Chapter VI Investigation on the "Two Types" of Social Construction in the Changzhutan Urban Agglomeration. Changzhutan belongs to the central area of Hunan Province, and the development ideas of this area have gone through the evolution process of "Changzhutan economic integration" - striving for the policy of "national old industrial base" - "two-type" social construction. Its "two-type" social construction has three planning stages, and it is currently in the beginning of the third stage. The main practices of the "two-type" social reform experiment in Changzhutan urban agglomeration include strengthening the guidance and top-level design of "two-type" social construction through the introduction of major planning plans such as the "Overall Plan for the Comprehensive Supporting Reform Experiment for the Construction of a Resource-Saving and Environment-friendly Society in Changzhutan Urban Agglomeration" and "Changzhutan Urban Agglomeration Regional Planning (2008-2020)"; Actively promote the transformation of traditional industries, the development of strategic emerging industries and innovation drive, and promote economic transformation; Vigorously promote relevant reforms to provide institutional and mechanism guarantees for the construction of a "two-type" society; Take the lead in building a "two-type" social standard system, strengthen guidance, supervision and assessment; At the same time, strengthen social participation and create a cultural atmosphere. The construction of the "two types" society in Changzhutan has further enhanced the economic development momentum of the region, optimized its economic development model, improved people's livelihood, and promoted the comprehensive social development and significant improvement of the ecological environment. This chapter proposes to further promote the construction of a "two-type" society in Changzhutan by expanding the scope of reform and piloting, deepening and increasing factor market reform, and increasing the construction of major projects in the "two-type" society. Chapter VII Practice, Experience and Further Deepening of Green Development in Jiangyong County. Jiangyong County belongs to the source area of the Xiangjiang River and has some unique advantages of natural and human resources. Due to the lack of advantages in developing traditional industries and increasingly tight resource and environmental constraints, Jiangyong County is eager to transform to green development. To this end, the measures taken by Jiangyong County include promoting the green transformation of industries through the green transformation of existing industrial industries and the promotion of agro-ecological transformation and development measures; Cultivate green growth points by vigorously developing e-commerce industry, cultural tourism, and new energy and clean energy industries; Continue to strengthen ecological environmental protection and pollution control. Obviously, the government's positive efforts, the continuous development of the green economy, and the efforts to explore local models have strongly promoted the green development of Jiangyong County. However, the green development of Jiangyong County still faces a series of difficulties and challenges such as lagging infrastructure, impulsive economic growth, and insufficient funds. Therefore, while Jiangyong County is making its own efforts, Hunan Province and the national level also need to provide corresponding policy support to promote the further green development of Jiangyong County. Chapter VIII: Opportunities and Challenges for the Green Development of the County Economy in Linxiang City. Linxiang City is the northern gate of Hunan Province, which has unique advantages, convenient transportation, and abundant natural and human resources. The city's economy is in the middle stage of industrialization, and the industry is mainly mineral resources and agricultural product processing industry; The level of urbanization is lower than the national average. In recent years, Linxiang City has actively expanded the ways of green agricultural development (such as actively developing ecological agriculture), steadily implemented the industrial green development strategy (such as focusing on the green construction of industrial parks), and regarded energy conservation and emission reduction as an important starting point for green development (strengthening government responsibility), and achieved good results. However, Linxiang City is also facing serious problems in green forestry development, water and water resources protection, and environmental pollution control. Overall, Linxiang's green development experience mainly includes rationally formulating overall plans and policies for green development, increasing the intensity of agricultural pollution control, accelerating the green transformation of industry, consolidating the guarantee mechanism for forestry development, strengthening the protection of water resources and taking into account urban and rural environmental protection. Through this survey, the research group believes that some valuable experiences in green development in the Xiangjiang River Basin have great enlightenment significance for green development in other parts of China. First, green development is inseparable from the active advocacy and guidance of local party committees and governments: (1) the top-level design and scientific planning of party committees and governments are the first driving force for green development; (2) The long-term incentive mechanism for green development needs to be established and improved by the Party Committee and the government; (3) Follow the people's will, restore people's livelihood, and start the "tough battle" of green governance. Second, adhere to scientific and technological innovation to support green development: (1) promote the green transformation of industries with "two-type" advanced social technology; (2) Improve resource utilization efficiency with recycling technology; (3) Beautify the urban and rural environment with comprehensive pollution control technology. Third, the central and western regions should highlight the strategic position of county green development: (1) provide new external and internal impetus for green development through "structural adjustment and mode transformation" and institutional reform; (2) It is necessary to provide new technical support for green development through green technology innovation. Fourth, vigorously promote the capacity building of rural environmental protection and solve the long-standing problem of "emphasizing towns and neglecting rural areas" in environmental protection. Hunan Province has explored the rural environmental protection model of "household reduction, decentralized treatment" and "county-based, municipal-level subsidies, township and village sharing, and farmers' autonomy". Fifth, resolve green conflicts by further strengthening the coordination mechanism of planning and further improving the environmental protection supervision system and mechanism. Hunan Province has carried out overall planning and unified requirements for regional green development, and established a leading group for green Hunan construction headed by the governor, which regularly carries out special inspections and follow-up supervision on the implementation of key regions, key industries, key enterprises and key projects. Li Ping Liu Jianwu, March 2017（AI翻译）