The formation and operation of a harmonious society requires citizens with rational thinking and judgment ability; The plurality of forms and conflicts of values of modern life also require its members to have a critical and innovative intellectual attitude. For this reason, critical thinking and innovative thinking have long become internationally recognized as important contents of national quality. Since the 80s of the 20th century, the academic research of Chinese scholars on critical thinking and innovative thinking has been in the ascendant, and various forms of critical thinking and innovative thinking cultivation practice have also been vigorously developed. At the 5th National Critical Thinking Teaching Seminar held by Shantou University in August 2015, through the joint discussion of the members of the Critical Thinking and Innovation Education Steering Committee of the Cultural Quality Education Steering Committee of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education (Preparatory Committee), the preparation plan of the "China Critical Thinking Development Report (2015)" was formally established, and it was also decided to compile and publish a report on the development of Chinese critical thinking every year from 2015. In order to reflect the research and training progress of critical thinking and innovative thinking in China in the most comprehensive and timely manner. After the meeting, we made simple preparations and officially launched the compilation of the "China Critical Thinking Development Report (2015)", and widely solicited papers from domestic experts and scholars in the field of critical thinking and innovative thinking. We are very fortunate to have received positive feedback from colleagues in the university and received many high-quality manuscripts from you. These manuscripts comprehensively reflect the work progress of different regions, institutions and individuals in China in the research and practice of critical thinking, and provide the best and most reliable content materials for our writing. In the process of writing this book, we have fully respected your intellectual property rights, and the identity of the author is clearly indicated in each selected chapter. Of course, for some of the manuscripts, we have also made a slight change in terms of sentence to ensure consistency and coherence in the chapters of the book. Here, we would like to express our most heartfelt thanks to all the academic colleagues who have provided us with manuscripts and written materials! At the same time, we also conducted a basic investigation on the critical thinking or innovative thinking research monographs and academic papers published in China in 2015, and selected some representative results for introduction, in order to reflect the latest development of critical thinking research in Chinese academia in the past year. When sorting out and introducing the relevant monographs and papers, Guo Yanpin, Yu Shiyang, Yang Xuan and Liang Runcheng from the Institute of Logic and Cognition of Sun Yat-sen University undertook a lot of compilation work, and I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to them! Xiong Minghui and Xie Yun, June 2016