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On October 18, 2010, the Decision of the State Council on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries (Guo Fa [2010] No. 32) took the new energy industry as one of the seven strategic emerging industries to be supported in the future, focusing on strengthening scientific and technological innovation, actively cultivating the market, deepening international cooperation, increasing fiscal and financial policy support, and promoting institutional innovation. Under the role of these policies and measures, China has made breakthroughs in the fields of wind power and solar energy. But at the same time, a series of problems have been exposed in the development of China's new energy industry, for example, the manufacturing process is developing too fast and the application market is relatively lagging behind; The gap between the technical level and foreign countries is still large; The problem of overcapacity is intensifying, and so on. These problems hinder the sustainable and healthy development of China's new energy industry, and require the state to carry out the top-level design of policies and formulate a scientific and reasonable policy system to support them. In recent years, many scholars in China have made in-depth explorations on new energy development strategy, market cultivation, pricing mechanism, support policies and other issues, forming a number of valuable research results, which provide a good reference for this project. Compared with similar research, this project is more systematic and comprehensive, not only analyzing the current development status and existing problems of new energy industry at home and abroad, but also conducting a more comprehensive study on the development path, goals and relevant policies of new energy industry. This book is the final research result of the 2011 National Social Science Foundation major project "Policy Measures System and Its Comparative Study to Promote the Development of New Energy Industry" that I presided. From the perspective of research content, it is divided into three parts, with a total of 17 chapters. The "first part" mainly focuses on the actual status quo of the new energy industry, such as the development trend, trend and problems. From the perspective of future development trends, on the basis of research on China's new energy industry, combined with the latest planning spirit of the country's new energy industry, the "middle part" puts forward the strategic objectives, priorities, technical routes and development models of China's new energy industry development. On the basis of industrial analysis, the "next part" focuses on how to give policy support to the development of China's new energy industry, and build a complete policy support system from various perspectives such as finance, taxation, foreign trade, and finance. This study analyzes and summarizes the following problems in the development of new energy in China: (1) attracted by short-term speculative interests, the scale of the production industry is too rapid to expand, and then there is a problem of excess capacity in the industrial growth period, and the foundation of industrial development is not solid on the whole; (2) The lack of core technologies for industrial development has led to weak international competitiveness and urgent improvement of technological innovation capabilities; (3) The development of the domestic industrial chain is unbalanced, resulting in serious impacts on the domestic industry under the circumstances of international market fluctuations and the rise of international trade protectionism; (4) The development of the new energy industry is not only facing the constraints of raw material supply and technology, but also by the constraints of market growth, with photovoltaic and new energy vehicles as typicals; (5) In the development of new energy industries such as wind power, photovoltaic and biomass power generation, the lag in grid planning and construction is an important factor restricting the healthy development of the new energy industry, and how to coordinate new energy power with different qualities under the condition of ensuring the security of the power grid has become a major problem that needs to be solved urgently; (6) New energy vehicles are still in the early stage of development, there is great uncertainty in the technical route, and a more ideal operation model has not yet been formed; (7) The dislocation distribution of new energy resource-rich areas and power load centers, under the predictable growth trend of regional power demand and power grid transmission channels, the small power consumption capacity of new energy regions has become an important factor restricting the rapid development of new energy industry; (8) Under the background of the evaluation of the existing government performance, the development of the new energy industry led by local governments presents outstanding market share and local administrative monopoly characteristics, which largely restricts the market competition of the new energy industry and the role of the policy of "supporting the survival of the fittest"; (9) The policy support system for the development of the new energy industry is not perfect, the policy continuity is not strong, and other problems restrict the sustainable and healthy development of the new energy industry, and so on. The main problems in China's new energy industry policy are: (1) the formulation of industrial standards is relatively lagging behind, and there are problems of lax implementation and supervision of both standards and regulations, resulting in backward production capacity not being cleared out of the industry in time, greatly delaying the pace of industrial integration; (2) The subsidy policy has problems such as "one-size-fits-all" standards, limited scope, improper links and levels, and poor operability and sustainability, which restrict the development path of rationalization of investment in the new energy industry, diversification of competition and minimization of risks; (3) The lack of new energy consumption policy mechanisms has led to limited market capacity of new energy power and new energy vehicles, and industrial growth has been greatly constrained; (4) In the international environment, there are limitations in the international trade rules and problem solving mechanisms for new energy products, resulting in frequent international trade disputes in the development of new energy industries; (5) The new energy technology innovation policy is not perfect, the policy implementation efficiency is not high, and the common technology supply mechanism has not yet been formed, resulting in the lagging construction of the technological innovation ecosystem of China's new energy industry and the low level of joint innovation; (6) There are problems such as single preferential methods and lack of systematization in tax policies, and the existing new energy policy support fund sources have problems such as insufficient total amount of funds, unfair distribution welfare effects, and inactive collection and management; (7) In terms of the on-grid tariff policy mechanism, there are problems such as the rationality of the electricity price level and implementation time, as well as the dynamic problem of the adjustment of the electricity price level; (8) The financing channels of the new energy industry are narrow, there is a lack of venture capital and insufficient openness of the capital market, and there are market monopoly problems in some industries and links. In short, this study believes that although China's new energy industry has developed greatly in recent years, it is still a typical infantile industry on the whole, and in order to promote the healthy development of China's new energy industry, it is necessary to formulate a reasonable policy system to guide and support. In view of the problems in China's new energy development and the shortcomings of the existing new energy industry policy, our countermeasures and suggestions: (1) formulate the new energy industry development plan according to local conditions and time conditions, and include the new energy industry and its auxiliary industries in the planning scope, especially paying attention to the coordination between the development of new energy power and the development of power grids, and even the development of regional market absorption capacity, as well as the balance between the development of new energy vehicles and the development of corresponding infrastructure; (2) Increase R&D support, broaden the scope of R&D support, design differentiated support according to the growth stage of new energy technology, accelerate technology and product innovation with independent intellectual property rights, and guide the construction of common technological innovation systems and platforms; (3) Accelerate the cultivation of new energy application markets, support the production of upstream products, break the market segmentation caused by local administrative monopolies, activate the market survival of the fittest mechanism, and broaden the scope of market choices for enterprises; (4) Combined with the characteristics of the domestic new energy product application market, accelerate the formulation of industrial and product standards, guide the competition between enterprises to change from price to quality, the core is to emphasize production and output quality, and light entry threshold; (5) Broaden the scope of policy support, activate the market competition mechanism, avoid the direct selection of market "winners" by policies, especially give special support policies to innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, strengthen the level of market competition, and encourage enterprises to continue to innovate; (6) Comprehensively consider regional differences, price levels, implementation time limits and adjustment mechanisms, and formulate differentiated feed-in tariff mechanisms for different new energy power in different regions, so as to realize the dynamic adjustment and predictability of feed-in tariffs and effectively reduce the enterprise risks caused by policies; (7) Transfer investment subsidies from production to R&D and consumption, avoid international trade disputes, and actively expand financing channels for new energy enterprises, especially small and medium-sized new energy enterprises. In addition, the formulation and implementation of various policy mechanisms require supporting supervision mechanisms and later effect evaluation mechanisms. Considering that the development of new energy industry is a systematic project involving a wide range of fields, at the beginning of the project in 2011, I specially invited outstanding talents with special research expertise in the application field of new energy industry, such as the State Grid Energy Research Institute, the Energy Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, to join the research group. The project was completed in 2013 and achieved relatively rich phased results, among which, 13 policy consultation reports were submitted to the State Office through the Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, of which 3 were approved by the Premier and Vice Premier of the State Council. He has published 27 papers in academic journals. The internal research reports and papers published have had a certain impact, providing a scientific basis for China's formulation and improvement of new energy industry policies, and enriching the research content of new energy industrial policies. I was responsible for designing the overall idea and basic framework of the project research, put forward specific requirements and suggestions for the research of each chapter, and revised and reviewed the manuscript of the whole book. The division of labor in each chapter is as follows: chapters 1 and 17, Stan and Wang Lei; Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Yang Shuai; Chapter 4, Ma Cuiping; Chapters 5, 6, 7, 10, 16, Li Qionghui, Xie Guohui, Cao Shiya, Wang Qiankun, Wang Xiaolu, Huang Bibin, Shi Dan, Jiang Liping; Chapter 8, Li Pengfei; Chapters 9 and 15, Yang Danhui; Chapter 11, He Jun, Zhao Jianbo, Wang Qin; Chapter 12, Xia Xianliang; Chapter 13, Shi Tan, He Shubiao, Xia Xiaohua; Chapter 14, He Hui. Yang Shuai edited the research report. In order to deeply understand the development status and existing problems of China's new energy industry, our research group has gone to Hohhot, Ordos, Baotou, Siping, Shanxi and other places to conduct field research, and held research group seminars for many times. In addition, in view of the policy difficulties found in the research project, experts from relevant departments such as the National Energy Administration and the Ministry of Commerce were invited to provide guidance and listen to the opinions of experts in various fields. Here, I would like to thank the joint efforts of the members of the research group, and the leaders and experts of relevant regions and departments for their support and assistance for the research of this topic. Due to the limited time and level, there must be many shortcomings. It is hoped that colleagues in the academic community can put forward valuable opinions and welcome corrections. Stan, October 18, 2014（AI翻译）
