图书
With the reform and transformation of the social and economic system, the problem of rural poverty in China has taken on some new characteristics and has become an important factor affecting China's economic development and social harmony. As the "last safety net" in the rural social security system, rural social assistance is of great significance for improving the livelihood of farmers, narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, maintaining social fairness and achieving social integration. On the basis of field investigation and literature interpretation, this book comprehensively uses methods such as combining history and logic, empirical and normative analysis, and commonality and characteristic analysis, to systematically discuss the issue of rural social assistance in China during the transition period from both theoretical and practical levels, in order to provide some useful suggestions for improving rural social assistance policies and improving the effectiveness of rural social assistance. The book is divided into five chapters, the logical framework and brief discussion are as follows: the first chapter is an introduction. This chapter first clarifies the background and research significance of the paper, defines the concept of social assistance, briefly sorts out and reviews the current academic research literature on rural poverty and its social assistance, introduces the research methods and sources of relevant empirical data in this book, and explains the research ideas and novelties of this book. Chapter 2 is the theoretical basis of social assistance and the current situation of rural poverty. This chapter systematically discusses the concept of social assistance of Marxist classic writers and the latest development of China's guiding ideology on social assistance since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and elaborates and analyzes the current situation of rural poverty in China during the transition period and its causes, so as to provide a theoretical basis and practical basis for the development and improvement of China's rural social assistance policy. The Marxist classic writers' concept of social assistance covers a wide range and involves the basic content of modern social assistance. In the actual exploration, they always adhered to the ideological method of historical materialism, based on the development level of social productive forces at that time, and started from the actual needs of people's lives, and discussed the basic viewpoint of social assistance. In the Marxist concept of social assistance, the basic framework of social assistance policy has been formed, which has important guiding significance for promoting the development of China's social assistance undertaking at the current stage. Since the reform and opening up, China has adopted a variety of effective relief measures, which have promoted the significant improvement of people's living standards and greatly reduced the rural poor population, but the current rural poverty problem in China still exists and presents some new characteristics. This chapter discusses the size, composition and spatial distribution of the rural poor, and focuses on the mechanisms of rural poverty. The study believes that social transformation and the resulting changes in social policies and systems are the main reasons for the formation of rural poverty, so it is the government's unshirkable responsibility to provide assistance to the rural poor, and the government should make full use of the favorable opportunity of social transformation to vigorously develop rural social assistance. Chapter 3 is the practice and evaluation of China's rural social assistance policies. This chapter first briefly describes the development process of the rural minimum subsistence guarantee system, poverty alleviation and development policy, five-guarantee support system, new rural cooperative medical system, and education assistance system, focuses on analyzing the main drawbacks of each aid project in practice, and puts forward corresponding improvement measures according to the specific situation. In view of the fundamental position of the rural dibao system in the rural aid policy system, this chapter analyzes in detail the existing problems of this system in terms of guarantee funds, protection targets, guarantee standards, withdrawal mechanisms, laws and regulations, and organizational guarantees, and proposes that it should be improved by establishing a financing mechanism for rural dibao funds, accelerating the legislation and supporting reform of the rural dibao system, improving the screening mechanism for rural dibao recipients, reasonably raising the rural dibao standards, and improving the rural dibao withdrawal mechanism. At the same time, this chapter proposes that the government should pay attention to the scientific, systematic, legal and standardized construction of rural social assistance policies, establish modern assistance concepts, enhance public awareness of assistance, give full play to the subjective role of assistance recipients, do a good job in identifying assistance targets after expansion, cultivate diversified subjects of aid work, reasonably define the rights and responsibilities of each aid subject, improve the evaluation and management institutions of aid work, establish a comprehensive rural social assistance system, and on the basis of ensuring the basic livelihood of rural poor groups. Highlight their developmental needs and highlight the humanistic care of rescue work. Chapter IV Intervention of NGOs for Rural Social Assistance. In terms of how to eradicate rural poverty, this chapter proposes that NGOs should be actively involved in rural social assistance. As an important social subject in rural social assistance work, NGOs have unique advantages in supplementing aid funds, improving aid efficiency and meeting diversified aid needs, and their assistance models also have various types. Since the involvement of non-governmental organizations in rural areas is still in its infancy, there are still some irregularities in the process of its development, mainly including insufficient government support, shortage of operating funds, lack of professional talents, and imperfect relevant legal systems, the reason is that non-governmental organizations have low social recognition and credibility, no legal status, their own structure is not reasonable enough, and the operation mode is not mature enough, so we should establish correct concepts and values and straighten out the relationship between non-governmental organizations and the government Promote the construction of relevant legal systems, establish a rescue response mechanism for NGOs, and strengthen the capacity building of NGOs themselves, so as to promote the healthy development of NGOs and give full play to their positive role in rural social assistance. Chapter 5 is to improve the situation and countermeasures faced by China's rural social assistance. On the basis of the above research, this chapter discusses how to improve China's rural social assistance policy from a holistic perspective. The study believes that China's economic, political and social conditions and practical experience at this stage provide favorable factors for the development and improvement of rural social assistance policies, but due to the constraints of economic living conditions and social development, China's current rural social assistance policies are facing some difficulties in both external and internal aspects. In order to give full play to the important role of rural social assistance in ensuring the basic livelihood of farmers and maintaining social equity and harmonious development, this chapter puts forward the goals, requirements and basic principles for the implementation of rural social assistance, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from optimizing the supply system of aid resources, paying attention to the connection and supporting of the construction of the aid system, improving the aid management system and working mechanism, focusing on building an integrated urban-rural social assistance system, and promoting the legalization process of rural social assistance. The study shows that in the period of social transformation, the framework of China's rural social assistance system has been basically formed, but its content system is not perfect, and the operational effect needs to be improved, and the construction of a rural social assistance policy system suitable for China's national conditions is of great significance and will be a long-term process. Governments at all levels should establish the value orientation of fairness as the core, and all sectors of society should also actively participate in rural social assistance, so as to jointly promote the development and improvement of rural social assistance policies and improve the implementation effectiveness of rural social assistance. Keywords: rural poverty, social assistance, policy system, issues, recommendations(AI翻译)
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