Abstract: Kashgar has been a transportation hub on the Silk Road since ancient times, and many ethnic groups have jointly created a splendid history and culture, and is one of the important bridgeheads for China to jointly build the Silk Road Economic Belt with Central and South Asian countries. However, as one of the deeply impoverished areas in southern Xinjiang, poverty, backwardness and isolation have increasingly become the main practical obstacles restricting the healthy and sustainable economic and social development of counties and cities in Kashgar, and objectively restricting the transformation of Kashgar's traditional advantages in geography, humanities and history into a driving force for real development. Since the beginning of targeted poverty alleviation, Kashgar Prefecture has firmly established the idea of poverty alleviation driven by development, based on its own actual situation, accurately found the convergence between the east wind and dividends of national policies and its own development characteristics and needs, and achieved a series of poverty alleviation and development achievements with distinctive characteristics, remarkable achievements and good results. The poverty alleviation and development of Kashgar has not only injected a strong endogenous impetus into the economic and social transformation and upgrading of Xinjiang's counties and cities in the new era, but also further enhanced the sense of community of the Chinese nation and made positive contributions to ethnic unity and border stability in the process of driving all ethnic groups to become rich and well-off. This book mainly focuses on the overall poverty alleviation and development of Kashgar during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, and selects Tashkurgan as the only county located on the Pamir Plateau in the whole region, takes Yecheng as the representative of the four poverty-stricken counties on the Kashgar oasis that have not yet been lifted out of poverty, carries out relevant case studies, sorts out and introduces the local poverty alleviation development ideas, measures and achievements in recent years, and provides corresponding empirical research cases and observation perspectives for the systematic understanding of the development opportunities and challenges of Kashgar in the context of moderate prosperity. Keywords: Kashgar area; Tashkurgan; Yecheng; Featured industries; relocation; Abstract:The Kashi region has been the transportation hub on the Silk Road since ancient times. With its splendid history and cultures created by the multi-ethnic groups,it is one of the important bridge-heads of the Silk Road Economic Belt jointly constructed by China,Central Asian and South Asian countries. However,the region is one of the severely impoverished areas in the southern part of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.Problems such as poverty,backwardness and lack of information are becoming the major obstacles which constrain the economic,social sustainable development of counties and cities in the Kashi region,thus eliminating the motives of turning its traditional strength in geography,humanity,history and culture into development opportunities. Since the beginning of targeted poverty alleviation project,the Kashi region has made excellent development in poverty alleviation,which features its own characteristics,prominence in achievement and excellence in results after it has firmly taken an approach of development driving poverty alleviation and poverty elimination and accurately targeted the meeting point among the national policies,policy dividends,features and demands of its own development route. Achievement in poverty alleviation in the Kashi region not only generates powerful endogenous momentum for economic and social upgrade in counties and cities in the ne w era,b ut also further deepens the co mmu nity sense of the Chinese nation developed in the process of the Prefecture's role of leading every ethnic group to achieve common prosperity and to strive for a relatively comfortable life,which has contributed to the unity of ethnic groups and the stability in border areas. This paper looks at the overall development of poverty alleviation in the Kashi Region during the period of the 13thFive-Year Plan（2016—2020）,chooses Tashkurghan County（the only county located in the Pamir Plateau）and Yecheng County（a representative case of the four counties which are yet taken out of poverty in the oasis of Kashi）as case studies,and makes a reasonable review of and introduces the developmental approaches,measures and achievement of the poverty alleviation,providing empiri cal case study evidence and observation angles for the systematic understanding of the opportunities and challenges in the Kashi region when achieving the full victory in building a welloff society. Key words: Kashi region,Tashkurghan,Yecheng,special industry,relocation,targeted poverty alleviation（AI翻译）