中国脱贫攻坚调研报告.盐池篇

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中国脱贫攻坚调研报告.盐池篇

RESEARCH REPORTS ON THE ELIMINATION OF POVERTY IN CHINA

作者：

张风林王林聪

分类：

社会学经济学国民经济学经济社会学区域经济学

关键词：

扶贫调查报告盐池县

出版日期：2020-05-01

ISBN：978-7-5203-6953-4

页数：187

点击量：29

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内容简介
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内容简介

宁夏盐池县位于陕甘宁蒙四省交界，地处毛乌素沙漠南缘，是革命老区、国家贫困县，“老”“少”“边”“穷”在很长时间都是盐池县的代名词。
盐池县脱贫之路经历了五个阶段：从1983—1993年“三西”建设到1994—2000年“双百”攻坚，从2001—2010年千村扶贫到。2011—2015年百万贫困人口扶贫，再到2016—2020年精准扶贫，经过几代人坚持不懈的努力，盐池县成功实现脱贫。特别是党的十八大以来，盐池县深入贯彻落实习总书记关于精准扶贫精准脱贫基本方略，举全县之力向贫困发起总攻，找准脱贫攻坚之路，压实主体责任，激发贫困群众内生动力，统筹实施产业扶贫、金融扶贫、光伏扶贫、科技扶贫、生态扶贫、基础提升等十项工程，通过发展滩羊、牧草、中草药、小杂粮、黄花和适合农户增收的家庭经营小品种产业为重点，强产业稳增收，夯基础补短板，建机制兜底线，于2018年顺利实现脱贫摘帽，成为宁夏一个脱贫摘帽县。
本报告认为，在党和政府的领导下，盐池人民将中国特色扶贫脱贫之路成功付诸实践，创造了脱贫攻坚伟大奇迹，彻底改变了盐池的历史面貌。脱贫攻坚的盐池经验是，严格按照党中央作出打赢脱贫攻坚战的重大决策部署，实施产业扶贫、金融扶贫、光伏扶贫、基础提升等十项工程，瞄准贫困群众发展产业资金短缺的薄弱环节，以此为扶贫工作的突破口，创新开展互助资金、评级授信、四信平台建设等多种金融扶贫小额信贷工作，全面构建社会信用体系，打造诚信社会，创新担保模式，以“互助资金”结合“千村信贷”撬动了数倍发展资金，扩大贫困户评级授信覆盖面；创新推行“扶贫保”，破解了建档立卡贫困户贷款困难、因病因灾返贫等十大难题，形成了独具特色的盐池模式。
盐池样板的意义在于，充分发挥政治优势、制度优势和政策优势，采取综合措施，加大脱贫攻坚力度，以久久为功的韧性，夯实基础、授人以渔，从源头上阻断贫困的代际传递，彻底改变贫困地区的落后面貌。同时，巩固提升扶贫攻坚成果，坚持摘帽不摘责任、摘帽不摘政策、摘帽不摘帮扶、摘帽不摘监管，扶贫工作与实施乡村振兴战略相结合，真正使县域经济强起来和农民富起来。

Yanchi County in Ningxia is located at the junction of Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Mongolia, at the southern edge of the Mao Wusu Desert, and is an old revolutionary area and a national poverty-stricken county, where the words ‘old’, ‘less’, ‘border’ and ‘poor’ have been synonymous with Yanchi County for a long time. ‘Poor’ has been synonymous with Yanchi County for a long time.

Yanchi County has experienced five stages on the road to poverty alleviation: from 1983-1993, when the ‘Three Wests’ were built, to 1994-2000, when the ‘Double Hundred’ were attacked, and from 2001-2010, when the ‘Thousand Villages’ were alleviated, to 2001-2010, when the ‘Thousand Villages’ were alleviated. From 1983-1993 ‘Three Wests’ construction to 1994-2000 ‘Double Hundred’ attack, from 2001-2010 poverty alleviation for thousands of villages to 2011-2015 poverty alleviation for millions of poor people, and then to 2016-2020 precise poverty alleviation, through the unremitting endeavours of several generations, Yanchi County has successfully achieved poverty alleviation. Especially since the 18th CPC National Congress, Yanchi County has thoroughly implemented General Secretary Xi's basic strategy on precise poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation, launched a total attack on poverty with the strength of the whole county, identified the road to poverty alleviation, compacted the main responsibility, stimulated the endogenous motivation of the poor people, and co-ordinated the implementation of ten projects such as industrial poverty alleviation, financial poverty alleviation, photovoltaic poverty alleviation, scientific and technological poverty alleviation, ecological poverty alleviation, and basic upgrading, and has been able to achieve poverty alleviation through the development of tundra goats, pasture grasses, Chinese herbs, small grains, yellow flowers and small varieties of family-run industries suitable for farmers to increase their incomes as the focus, strong industries to stabilise income, tamping the foundation to make up for short boards, and building a mechanism to cover the bottom line, and successfully realised the poverty alleviation and hat lifting in 2018, becoming a poverty alleviation and hat lifting county in Ningxia.

This report finds that under the leadership of the Party and the government, the people of Yanchi have successfully put into practice the road of poverty alleviation and elimination of poverty with Chinese characteristics, creating a great miracle of poverty alleviation and completely changing the historical face of Yanchi. Yanchi's experience in poverty alleviation is that, in strict accordance with the CPC Central Committee's major decision-making and deployment of winning the battle against poverty, the implementation of ten projects, including industrial poverty alleviation, financial poverty alleviation, photovoltaic poverty alleviation, and foundation enhancement, aiming at the weakness of the lack of funds for the development of industries by the impoverished masses as a breakthrough in poverty alleviation, and innovatively carrying out a wide range of financial poverty alleviation micro-credit work such as mutual aid funds, rating credit, and the construction of a four-credit platform, as well as comprehensively We have constructed a social credit system, built an honest society, innovated the guarantee mode, leveraged several times the development funds with ‘mutual funds’ combined with ‘1,000-village credit’, and expanded the coverage of rating credit for poor households; innovated the implementation of ‘poverty alleviation insurance’, which has solved the problem of the shortage of funds for the development of industries for the file-stamped poor, and has helped them to develop their own industries. The innovative implementation of ‘poverty alleviation insurance’ has solved ten major problems, such as loan difficulties for poor households with documented cards and the return of poverty due to illnesses and disasters, forming a unique Yanchi model.

The significance of the Yanchi model lies in giving full play to the political, institutional and policy advantages, adopting comprehensive measures, stepping up efforts to combat poverty, and, with the resilience to work for a long period of time, consolidating the foundation, teaching people to fish, blocking the intergenerational transmission of poverty at the source, and completely changing the backwardness of the impoverished areas. At the same time, consolidate and enhance the results of poverty alleviation, adhere to the removal of responsibility, removal of policy, removal of assistance, removal of supervision, poverty alleviation work and the implementation of rural revitalisation strategy, and truly make the county economy strong and farmers rich.