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This book is mainly composed of four major parts: theoretical review of agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion mechanism, agricultural catastrophe risk impact analysis, agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion research and agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion mechanism design, a total of ten chapters. The first part is a theoretical review of the agricultural catastrophe risk diversification mechanism. Agricultural catastrophe is a common problem faced by the world, China's agricultural catastrophe has a long-term profound impact on social stability and sustained and healthy economic development, although China is actively exploring the decentralized management of agricultural catastrophe risks, but there are still many problems. Agricultural catastrophe is a relative event, combined with common practices at home and abroad, using expert consultation method, after investigating 231 valid samples, it is believed that based on the measurement standards of affected farmers, agricultural insurance companies or governments, the cumulative loss of one-time disasters exceeds 50%, 30% and 1‰ of their total assets, compensation capacity and GDP, respectively, which is an agricultural catastrophe, otherwise it is a general agricultural disaster. This book studies the risk diversification of agricultural catastrophe from a macro perspective, so it is considered agricultural catastrophe when the annual loss of agricultural natural disasters exceeds 1‰ of GDP in that year. Agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion, also known as agricultural catastrophe risk transfer, is an option for agricultural catastrophe risk treatment. Under normal circumstances, after an agricultural catastrophe, farmers can choose three ways to deal with risks: risk reduction, risk retention and risk diversification. Agricultural risk diversification methods mainly include financial assistance, social donations, agricultural insurance and reinsurance, catastrophe reserves and catastrophe financial derivatives. The agricultural catastrophe risk diversification mechanism refers to a series of institutional arrangements involving policies, markets, risk transfer tools, etc., specifically the mechanism by which the agricultural catastrophe risk management entity reasonably disperses the agricultural catastrophe risk among the insurance market, capital market and government in accordance with national policies and market conditions in order to reduce the loss of agricultural catastrophe. The second part is the systematic analysis of agricultural catastrophe risk and its impact in China. Firstly, the situation of agricultural catastrophe in China is systematically described, mainly including the direct economic loss and proportion of agricultural catastrophe in previous years, the direct economic loss of the main types of agricultural catastrophe in previous years, and other situations of agricultural catastrophe in previous years, such as the affected population, the dead (including missing) population, the emergency resettlement population, the area of crop disaster and the area of crop disaster, etc., and summarizes the characteristics of China's agricultural catastrophe risk. Secondly, the input-output model is used to evaluate and analyze the loss of agricultural catastrophe, and the results show that agricultural catastrophe has a certain impact on China's GDP, but the impact is not large. Agricultural catastrophe-related losses are as important as direct losses; The loss of total output of extractive industries, manufacturing, construction, service industries and other sectors caused by agricultural catastrophe accounted for 92.68% of the agricultural catastrophe losses, and their related losses were equivalent to direct economic losses; the loss of agricultural output value had different impacts on extractive industries, manufacturing, construction, service industries and other industrial sectors, and had the greatest impact on manufacturing. Finally, based on the GMM model, using the data of direct losses of agricultural catastrophe in China from 1949 to 2013, and on the basis of panel data processing, the impact of agricultural catastrophe on economic development in China is studied through correlation regression analysis, and the following conclusions are drawn: First, the level of education, health level, financial development level and trade openness have a positive impact on economic development overall, but there are certain differences in the degree of impact. The government budget and inflation have a negative impact on economic development on the whole, and the impact is significant, the only difference is that the impact of government budgets on agricultural development is less significant. Second, on the whole, China's agricultural catastrophe has a positive but not significant impact on GDP, drought has a significant negative impact on economic development, floods have a significant positive impact on economic development, earthquakes have a negative impact on GDP, agriculture and services, typhoons have a negative impact on GDP and service industries, but they are not significant, typhoons have a positive impact on industrial development and have a negative impact on agricultural development. The third part is the study on the diversification of agricultural catastrophe risks in China. Firstly, the current situation of agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion in China is analyzed. It depicts policies including China's national defense laws and plans, Central Document No. 1 of previous years, agricultural insurance and reinsurance, catastrophe reserves, and international cooperation in disaster prevention and reduction; The evolution of the historical model of agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion in China, such as fiscal leading model, financial support model and multi-level analysis and dispersion, was summarized. On the basis of describing the dispersion of agricultural catastrophe risks in China, it is pointed out that the dispersion of agricultural catastrophe risks in China has problems such as low overall compensation for agricultural catastrophe losses, unreasonable dispersion ratio of agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion, large differences in the growth of risk dispersion methods of agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion, and insufficient dispersion of agricultural catastrophe risks. Secondly, the dispersion fitting analysis and responsibility estimation of agricultural catastrophe risk in China. According to the current situation of agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion in China, a fitting model between the amount of catastrophe loss relief and agricultural catastrophe loss, fiscal expenditure, agricultural insurance and social assistance was established, and their quantitative relationship was described, and the results showed that although the impact of agricultural catastrophe loss was greater, the two did not show an obvious linear relationship, which indicated that China's annual financial disaster relief expenditure has not yet formed a mature stable mechanism; The level of social assistance is closely related to the national economic development, as long as the national economy maintains stable growth, supplemented by the improvement of the system and the guidance of social culture, social assistance will play an increasingly important role in the face of agricultural disasters; Compared with developed countries, China's agricultural catastrophe insurance accounts for too low a proportion of economic losses, even in China's agricultural catastrophe total relief amount does not dominate, indicating that China's agricultural catastrophe insurance industry level is very low, but also see its rapid growth potential. Assuming that under the current ideal state, the responsibility of policy agricultural insurance, reinsurance and reserves in the dispersion of agricultural catastrophe is measured, and the conclusion is that under the current agricultural insurance policy, when the crop insurance rate reaches 80% and the protection level is 70%, the protection level of China's agricultural catastrophe is: 1.6× premium income + 65 billion reserves + 50 billion social assistance. If the premium income is estimated to be an average of $55 billion, the overall level of coverage can reach $200 billion, or 40% based on the total disaster loss of $500 billion in 2013. Compared with the more than 80% of the disaster loss guarantee level of developed countries, China's security level is still low, but considering China's natural conditions, total population, per capita economic situation and other factors, such a level of protection is basically a relatively ideal state. Finally, the analysis of agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion behavior in China. Taking 72 marketing service departments or agencies of three agricultural insurance enterprises as research samples, this book empirically analyzes the motivation, symbiotic cooperation mode, interaction relationship, symbiotic cooperation satisfaction and symbiotic cooperation benefits of agricultural insurance enterprises participating in agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion, and uses the binary logistic model to study the influencing factors of the behavior choice of agricultural insurance enterprises to participate in agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion and symbiotic cooperation. The ability to diversify agricultural catastrophe risks and the methods of agricultural catastrophe risk diversification have significantly promoted the behavior choices of agricultural insurance enterprises to participate in agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion and symbiotic cooperation. Partner characteristics, interaction relationships and credit systems have an impact on the behavior choices of agricultural insurance enterprises to participate in agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion and symbiotic cooperation, but they are not significant. In addition, this book takes 655 farmers in 36 natural administrative villages in 12 counties (cities) in Luoyang City, Henan Province, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, Xiaogan City, Hubei Province and Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province as valid samples, empirically analyzes the symbiotic cooperation drivers, symbiotic cooperation methods, symbiotic cooperation closeness, symbiotic cooperation satisfaction and symbiotic cooperation benefits of disaster-stricken farmers participating in agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion and symbiotic cooperation, and adopts a binary logistic model. The influencing factors of the behavior choices of affected farmers to participate in agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion and symbiotic cooperation were studied, and the results showed that the environment of agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion, the characteristics of disaster-affected farmers, the ability to disperse agricultural catastrophe risks, the degree of interaction and dependence, and the risk dispersion mode had significant promoting effects on the behavior choices of disaster-stricken farmers to participate in agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion and symbiotic cooperation. The awareness of agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion, the economic benefits of agricultural catastrophe risk diversification, and the characteristics of partners also have significant impacts on the behavior choices of disaster-affected farmers to participate in agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion and symbiotic cooperation. The fourth part is the design of the decentralized symbiosis mechanism of agricultural catastrophe risk in China. Firstly, based on the perspective of "symbiosis" in biology and based on the symbiosis theory, it is emphasized that an agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion symbiosis system should be established, which is composed of three elements: symbiotic unit, symbiotic relationship and symbiotic environment. Secondly, through the analysis of the evolution of the decentralized symbiotic behavior model and organizational model of agricultural catastrophe risk, it is pointed out that in addition to improving the existing financial allocation, social relief, insurance subsidies, tax incentives and other behaviors based on credibility and policies, it is also necessary to establish a reciprocal symbiotic behavior model of agricultural catastrophe risk through contracts and equity, and point out the evolution path. China's agricultural catastrophe risk scattered symbiotic organization model should develop into a continuous symbiotic model and an integrated model, and realize the transformation of symbiotic organization from "virtual symbiotic organization" to "physical symbiotic organization". Finally, the mechanism and path design of agricultural catastrophe risk dispersion in China are considered to be composed of four parts: symbiotic policy mechanism, symbiotic organization mechanism, symbiotic behavior mechanism and other symbiotic mechanisms, emphasizing that the realization path of agricultural catastrophe risk diversification is designed by combining the current situation of agricultural catastrophe risk and dispersion in China, integrating symbiosis theory and path dependence theory. Keywords: agricultural catastrophe; agricultural catastrophe risk; agricultural catastrophe risk diversification; Mechanism design(AI翻译)
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